List of synagogues in Gdansk

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Great Synagogue in Gdansk, destroyed in 1939
Former New Synagogue in Danzig-Langfuhr (Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz)

As the last of the nine synagogues in Gdansk , only the New Synagogue in Gdansk- Langfuhr remains. When the Free City was annexed to the German Reich in September 1939, there was no longer any Jewish place of worship in this state.

history

The Hanseatic city of Danzig denied Jewish traders an open practice of their religion . The establishment of synagogues came only after the annexations of Polish Prussia by the Kingdom of Prussia . With the first division of Poland in 1772 , the suburb of Langfuhr fell to Prussia, with the second in 1793, the entire city.

In the middle of the 19th century, many Jews in Gdańsk turned to liberal, Reformed Judaism . Their four parishes were able to inaugurate the magnificent Great Synagogue in 1887. More than 2000 parishioners were able to take part in the service and the whole church was electrically heated and lit, which was still unusual at the end of the 19th century.

After the Treaty of Versailles in 1920, Gdansk and its territory became a Free City under the League of Nations. In the 1920s, anti-Semitism increased and the NSDAP gained more and more power and won an absolute majority in the People's Day in 1933. The city became increasingly an unpleasant place to stay for the Jewish population. Even before the November pogroms of 1938 , there were pogroms and desecrations of the synagogues in Gdansk in 1937 and in August 1938.

When the Free City was annexed to the German Reich in September 1939, there was no longer any synagogue in this state.

Synagogues in Gdansk

  • Synagogue in Breitgasse, Old Town Danzig : Orthodox, consecrated after 1793, burned down in 1858. ( (Location) )

Reformed synagogues

  • Danzig Synagogue (Old Synagogue) in Breitgasse: inaugurated in 1859, closed in 1887. (Location as above) At the site there was later a residential building, then a soap factory, today a park.
  • Synagogue Old Scotland: consecrated in 1818, rebuilt in 1851, renovated in 1878 after a fire, closed in 1887. The building was badly damaged in 1945 and demolished in the 1960s. ( (Location) )
  • Synagogue of the Weinberger Community (old Scotland): Lavendelgasse, inaugurated in 1845, closed in 1880.
  • Old synagogue on the market in Langfuhr : built in 1775, closed in 1887. ( (Location) )

These synagogues were closed with the inauguration of the Great Synagogue. The four reform parishes in Gdansk (Breitgasse), Old Scotland, Old Scotland Weinberg and Langfuhr had financed the major construction.

  • Great Synagogue , Danzig Reitbahn: inaugurated in 1887, desecrated in August 1938, sold by the Jewish community in February 1939, destroyed in May 1939. ( (Location) )
  • New Synagogue Danzig-Langfuhr , Langfuhr : inaugurated in 1927, demolished in the November pogrom in 1938 and the interior destroyed, sold by the Jewish community in 1939. 1946–1951 used again as a synagogue; today music school. ( (Location) )

Orthodox synagogues

  • Old synagogue in Breitgasse (old town): consecrated after 1793, burned down in 1858; - reformed after the reconstruction (see above).
  • Polish Synagogue , Niederstadt-Mattenbuden, built in 1844, badly damaged in August 1938, devastated during the November pogrom and set on fire, demolished in April 1939. ( (Location) )
  • Synagogue (and school) in Halben Gasse, old town: built in 1932, damaged in August 1938, demolished in September 1939. ( (Location) )

Gdańsk, People's Republic of Poland

  • New synagogue in Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz, (see above) 1946–1951 still used as an Orthodox synagogue; today music school. The Jewish cemetery in Chelm ( Stolzenberg ) was closed in 1956. - There is no longer an independent Jewish community.

Territory of the Gdansk Free State

  • Sopot : Roonstrasse Synagogue , inaugurated in 1914, destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938. Today block of flats with a memorial plaque. ( (Location) )
  • There were also some Orthodox churches in Sopot.

See also

literature

Web links

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