List of irregular verbs in German
This is a list of irregular verbs in the New High German language . They are divided into strong verbs , suppletive verbs , preteritopresentia , back umlaut verbs , and other verbs called irregular.
Strong verbs
The around 180 strong verbs are often perceived as regular. Without them, the number of irregular verbs is limited to 25.
Suppletive verbs
Verbs that derive from several etyma are referred to as suppletive in this sense . For example, the Germanic * ganganą and * gāną have merged with the verb go .
| present infinitive | 3rd person Sg. Ind. Pres. | 1st / 3rd Pers. Sg. Ind. Prät. | Past participle | comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| go | goes | went | went | Root present next to the preterital forms of a derived verb of the 7th class | |
|
also commit : escape, er-, behind-, over-, around-, per-, dissolve |
commits | committed | committed | ||
|
come off well: Toggle, up, off, dahin-, daneben-, daran-, davon-, through, Jumble, one-, einher-, entgegen-, entlang-, entzwei-, mis-, continued , strange-, home-, here-, coming-, out-, in-, down-, around-, down-, out-, down-, down-, up-, up-, out-, through-, in -, over‑, over‑, up‑, long‑, go‑, with‑, after‑, down‑, broke‑, sure‑, over‑, around‑, around‑, under‑, before‑, ahead‑, before‑, ahead‑, past‑, before‑, past‑, away‑, further‑, to‑, back‑, walk together |
goes off | went off | departed | ||
| to be ( Ind .: I am, we / they [are] / are, you are, conj .: I / he is, you are / are, Imp. Sg .: be / ( ancient to), Imp. Pl. : sei / ( southern Germany, Switzerland .: are / southern German, Austria : seids)) | is (you are) | was / ( ancient: what) | been | the strains of his - are - is as well as those of was / was - was - was [Class 5] are each another in a Ablautverhältnis, the latter have grammatical changes on | |
| stand | stands | stand / hour | confessed | Root present next to the preterital forms of a 6th grade verb | |
|
exist in the same way: ent‑, er‑, ge‑, over‑, um‑, under‑, over‑, resist |
consists | passed / passed | passed | ||
|
admit as: concede rise, rise again |
admits | admitted / admitted | admitted | ||
|
stand up as well: on‑, up‑, off‑, by‑, together‑, ready‑, there‑, with‑, for‑, behind‑, next to, above‑, in front‑, through‑, one‑, firmly‑ , free, opposite, equal, good, around, upright, head, empty, after, around, still, tight, over, under, forward, back, back - stand together |
sticks out | stood / stood off | stale | ||
Preteritopresentia
Preteritopresentia go back to old perfect forms (from which the German preterite arose in other verbs ), they partially overlap with today's modal verbs and share many properties with them.
| present infinitive | 3rd person Sg. Ind. Pres. | 1st / 3rd Pers. Sg. Ind. Prät. | Past participle | comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| may / ( obsolete : dörfen ) ( Ind .: I may) | may | was allowed / ( old: village) | allowed / ( mod .: allowed) | does not form an imperative | |
| need ( Ind . : I need) | requirement | needed | needs | does not form an imperative | |
| are allowed | may go with | was allowed to | was allowed to go | does not form an imperative | |
| indulge | [granted] | [granted] | [granted] | very weak conjugation passed | |
| grudge | [grudged] | [grudged] | [grudged] / [grudged] | ||
| can ( Ind .: I can) | can | could / ( ancient: kunt) | able / ( mod .: can) | does not form an imperative | |
|
Abkönnen ( Ind .: I can ab) also: on-, away-, with |
can from | could go | be able to | does not form an imperative | |
| like ( Ind . : I like) | like | liked / ( obsolete : liked) | liked / ( mod .: like) | does not form an imperative | |
| ability ( Ind .: I can) | able | was able to | able / able | does not form an imperative | |
| have to ( Ind .: I have to) | got to | had to | must / ( isolated .: [vegetables]) / ( mod .: must) | does not form an imperative | |
| have to | must go with | had to go with | had to | does not form an imperative | |
| [ should ] ( Ind .: I should) | should ( Ind .: you should / obsolete: should / should) | [should] | [should] / ( mod .: should) | does not form an imperative | |
| should be included | should with | should be with | does not form an imperative | ||
| [ good ] | good | tog / [suitable] / ( obsolete : daughter / clothed) | [suitable] | ||
| to know ( Ind . : I know) | white / ( obsolete: know) | knew | known | ||
Umlaut verbs
Back umlaut verbs are verbs with the stem vowel e that are subject to stem changes and form past tense and past participle II with the dental suffix -t- . They are often referred to as mixed verbs . Sometimes these are counted among the weak verbs or referred to as neither strong nor weak.
| present infinitive | 3rd person Sg. Ind. Pres. | 1st / 3rd Pers. Sg. Ind. Prät. | Past participle | comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| burn | burns | burned / ( veralt .: kindled) ( conj. : on fire) | burned / ( obsolete : burned) | Today also intransitive formerly only Faktitiv to strong intransitive brinnen , 3rd class | |
|
to burn in the same way: to burn |
inflames | inflamed ( conj .: inflamed) | inflamed | ||
|
burn down also: on, up, out, through, in, down, down, continue to burn |
burns down | burned down ( conj. : kindled ab) | burned down | ||
| think | thinks | thought | thought | ||
|
also consider : through-, er-, ge-, over-, condemn |
consider | considered | thoughtful | ||
|
remembering as well: thinking about, with-, thinking-, about-, away-, further-, thinking back |
think about | thought of | considered | ||
| know | knows | knew ( conj. : kennte) | known | ||
|
also confess : know, misjudge |
confesses | known ( conj. : bekennte) | known | ||
|
also deny : acknowledge, recognize |
detects | realized from ( conj. : might know ab) | denied | ||
| to know | well informed | knew (himself) from ( conj. : (kennte themselves) off) | knowledgeable | ||
| call | is called | called ( conj. : name them) | called | ||
|
also name : appoint |
names | named ( conj. : benennte) | named | ||
| rename | renames | designated by ( conj. : benennte um) | renamed | ||
| run | runs | ran ( conj. : rennte) | ran | ||
|
Berennen as well: through-, over-, run away |
burns | berannte ( conj. : berennte) | overran | ||
|
run in as well: through, in, steady, away, free, home, here, up, out, in, around, down, out, up, out, in , after-, down-, up-, go-, with-, after-, around-, away-, further-, running back |
runs up | ran to ( conj. : rennte on) | ran up | ||
| send | sends | sent / [sent] | sent / [sent] | ||
|
send also: over-, send |
posted | posted / [posted] | posted / [posted] | ||
|
Send also: out-, in-, home-, here-, there-, for-, on-, to-, sending back |
sends | sent / [sent] | sent / [sent] | ||
| separate | separates | [separated] / ( ancient :) teased | [separated] / ( ancient: separated) | ||
| cut through | severed | [severed] | [severed] | ||
|
cut off also: cut through |
separates | [separated] | [severed] | ||
| turn | turns | turned / [turned] | turned / [turned] | ||
|
apply likewise: ent, use |
used | applied / [applied] | skillful / [applied] | ||
|
continue to use also: reuse |
continues to use | related / [used] further | further used / [further used] | ||
|
also turn away : to-, up-, in-, (to) to-, to-, to-, to turn back |
turns away | turned / [turned] away | averted / [averted] | ||
Other irregular verbs
| present infinitive | 3rd person Sg. Ind. Pres. | 1st / 3rd Pers. Sg. Ind. Prät. | Past participle | comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ need ] | [needs] | [needed] ( conj .: [needed] / needed [landscape language]) | [second hand] | ||
| [to use up ] also: to use up , to use up |
[needs from] | [needed from] ( conj .: [needed] / needed from [landscape language]) | [used up] | ||
| [ use ] also: consume |
[second hand] | [Second hand] | [second hand] | ||
| [ abuse ] | [abused] | [abused] | [abused] / [abused] / [abused] | ||
| bring | brings | brought | brought / brought | ||
|
perform as well: deliver , pass, accomplish |
he brings | rendered | provided | ||
|
dissuade as well: come up, up, near, down, through, messed up, in, against, away, home, here, near, up, out, near, in , over‑, down‑, out‑, over‑, up‑, out‑, in‑, behind‑, over‑, down‑, away‑, up‑, with‑, around‑, under‑, forward, ahead -, past‑, away‑, further‑, again‑, to‑, back‑, bring together |
dissuades | dissuaded | removed / removed | ||
| [to think ] / [to think ] / [to think ] | [thinks] / [thinks] / [looks] / [looks] | [thought] / [dots] / [deuchte] | [dunked] / [dunked] / [dunked] | ||
| [ consider ] / [ consider ] / [ consider ] | [illuminated] / [illuminated] / [illuminated] / [illuminated] | [dotted] / [dotted] / [dotted] | [dotted] / [dotted] / [lighted] | ||
| [ have ] | [has] ( Imp. Sg .: hab) | [had] / ( ancient: would) ( conj .: would) | [had] | ||
| [ Abhaben ] as well: Toggle, up, off, beisammen-, DA, Dabei, through, Public swimming, benign, challenges, inne-, loveless, go of, with, partly, over-, around-, forward-, ahead-, true-, gone-, again-, to-, back-, together |
[has from] ( Imp. Sg .: got from) | [had from] ( conj .: had from) | [removed] | ||
| but regularly: [ to have ] | [had (yourself)] | [had (themselves)] | [had] | ||
| want ( Ind . : I want) | want | wanted ( conj. : wollete) | wanted | does not form an imperative ; Today's indicative present tense originated from old optative forms of a root verb | |
|
by want ( Ind. : I want through) as: advanced, home, challenges, herein- up, down, climb up, hinaus-, zoom, hinüber-, high, go of, with, displacement, to want to go on, to go back |
want through | wanted through | wanted | ||
| but regularly: [ sake ] | [willing] | [willing] | [willing] | ||
Web links
Wiktionary: List of irregular verbs - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
