Liverpool Castle
Liverpool Castle was a castle in Liverpool in the English county of Lancashire . It stood from the 13th century to the beginning of the 18th century.
construction
The castle was probably built in the 1230s, between 1232 and 1235, at the behest of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby . No documents whatsoever have survived from the construction of the castle, with the exception of the royal fortification permit (English: License to Crenellate), which Ferrers received in 1235. Nearby, in West Derby , there had long been a castle that was captured by the Ferrers in 1232, but by 1296 it was in ruins. The castle in Liverpool was built to protect King John Ohneland's new port and was located on today's Lord Street , the highest point in the city above the port. This corresponds to today's Queen Victoria Monument in Derby Square near the city center.
description
The castle was built on a plateau specially created for this purpose, and a moat 18 meters wide was carved into the solid rock. The main building consisted of a gatehouse flanked by two towers on the northeast corner across from Castle Street ; three round towers were at the three remaining corners; one of these was added later in 1442. Four curtains connected the four towers; the north and south walls were set back so that they could be monitored from the towers. In the castle there was a knight's hall and a chapel that were connected to the southwest tower, as well as a brewery and a bakery. There was also a passage under the moat to the river bank. The courtyard was divided by a wall between the north and south walls. There was a dovecote below the castle walls and an orchard ran from the castle to The Pool in the east.
history
After the death of William de Ferrers in 1247, his son, William inherited both Liverpool Castle and West Derby Castle. Robert de Ferrers inherited the title . He rebelled against King Henry III. , was arrested and then imprisoned first in the Tower of London and later in Windsor Castle . His lands and his title were cashed in and passed to the Crown. Henry III. gave the lands together with Lancaster to his second son Edmund . Mary de Ferrers , wife of the disgraced earl and niece of the king, was ordered to surrender the castle in July 1266. Edmund Crouchback then held the lands and bequeathed them to his successor Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster .
Under the management of Thomas Plantagenet, Liverpool grew steadily. The Earl did not give much to the Borough of Liverpool and in 1315 bequeathed the castle and lands to Robert de Holand . The creation of Robert de Holand's patronage rights caused some anger among the other landowners and on October 25 of the same year Adam Banastre , Henry de Lea and William Bradshagh (or Bradshaw ) allied and launched an attack on the castle, but were within an hour defeated ( Banastre Rebellion ). This was the only recorded attack on the castle prior to the English Civil War . Between 1315 and 1323, the Borough of Liverpool reverted to the Crown. In 1323 King Edward II visited the city and stayed in the castle from October 24th to 30th. At the beginning of his reign, Eduard III. Liverpool as a port of embarkation during its wars with Scotland and Ireland . In 1327 the king ordered the constable of the castle to give protection to men who fled the Scots. In 1367 there was an investigation into the Lancaster land which found that “there was a certain castle in Liverpool whose moat and grazing rights were worth 2 shillings a year, and [that] there was a dovecote under the castle. , which is worth 6 shillings and 8 pence per year ”.
Sir Richard Molyneux was appointed constable of the castle in 1440 and the title was made hereditary five years later. In 1442 the castle was reinforced with the construction of the fourth tower on the southeast corner, which cost £ 46 13 s 10¼ d. On October 2, 1559, a report called the castle "completely in ruins and in decay". The Great Tower had a slate roof and it was suggested that it be used as a warehouse for the court rolls. It was decided that the castle should be repaired for £ 150, "otherwise it would be a great disfigurement of the aforementioned city of Liverpool".
During the reign of King Charles I , the castle was taken by Lord Derby. In 1644 Prince Ruprecht and his men took the castle, which was later retaken by Sir John Moore . Protestant supporters of Wilhelm III. conquered the castle in 1689. On March 5, 1704, the deputies received a lease contract for 50 years for the castle ruins and their grounds from the crown. Lord Molyneux doubted this, as he still insisted on his right of inheritance as constable. This delayed the final conclusion of the contract until 1726. At that time, the last ruins of the castle had been removed. In 1715 a law had been passed that the castle should be demolished and a church built instead. Construction of St George's Church began on the site of the old castle and the church was consecrated in 1734. In 1825 this church was demolished and a new one was built in its place. In 1899 this new church was demolished and in 1902 the Queen Victoria Monument was erected in its place . In 1976 excavations were carried out on the south side of Castle Street before the castle-style Crown Courts Building was constructed.
Replica
In Lever Park in Rivington near Chorley , William Lever had a folly built that is a scaled-down replica of the ruins of Liverpool Castle. Construction began in 1912 and the replica, which was never completed, was based on a putative reconstruction of Liverpool Castle made by Edward W. Cox in 1892.
Individual evidence
- ^ Standish History 1315 . Standish-history.org.uk. Archived from the original on July 15, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ A b c Mike Royden's Local History Pages . Mike Royden. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ A b 'Liverpool: The castle and development of the town', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 . 1911. pp. 4-36. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ Rivington Castle . Historic England. English Heritage. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ Edward W. Cox: An Attempt to Recover the Plans of the Castle of Liverpool from Authentic Records: considered in connection with the medieval principles of defense and construction in Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire . Issue 42 (1892). ISSN 0140-332X.
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 24 ′ 17.8 " N , 2 ° 59 ′ 20" W.