Lyady
| Lyady | Lyady | |||
| Ляды | Ляды | |||
| ( Belarus. ) | ( Russian ) | |||
| State : |
 Belarus
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| Woblasz : | Vitebskaya Woblasz | ||
| Coordinates : | 54 ° 36 ′ N , 31 ° 10 ′ E | ||
| Time zone : | Moscow time ( UTC + 3 ) | ||
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Ljady ( Belarusian Ляды ) is a hamlet in Dubrouna Rajon ( Vitebskaya Woblasz ), Belarus .
Location and surroundings
Ljady is located on the road connecting Moscow and Warsaw. The place is located by the Mereja River , which once formed the border between Russia and Poland and later between the RSFSR and Belarus .
history
Ljady was founded in the 17th century. Jews lived in Lyady since the eighteenth century. The town was a center of the Chabad - Hasidism , as Schneur Zalman of Ljady after an invitation from Prince Stanisław Lubomirski , voivode of the city, in 1800 moved there. He left the city in 1812 when Napoleon arrived .
During the USSR era, a Yiddish school was established in the city, but closed in 1938. A Jewish kolkhoz ( Naye Lebn ) was founded in the vicinity of the city, where many Jews from Ljady worked. In January 1939, 897 Jews lived in Ljady. The place was occupied by the German Wehrmacht on July 18, 1941. In March 1942, all of Lyady's Jews, along with Jews from the surrounding area, were taken to the Ljady ghetto, which was built around the local school. The ghetto was surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by German and Belarusian police. Non-Jews were forbidden to stay near the ghetto. Nobody was allowed to leave the ghetto, except for Jews who worked on the local kolkhoz or as grave diggers. Several ghetto residents managed to escape and join the partisans. When the ghetto was liquidated in early April 1942, 1,800 Jews were still living there. They were taken to the other side of the Mereya River from April 2nd to 5th, 1942. There they were shot - standing naked in an anti-tank ditch. Only five Jews from Lyady survived.
Lyady - liberated by the Red Army on October 8, 1943 - was one of the first cities where a mass Jewish grave was discovered. As a result, an article about the mass murder appeared in the Krasnoarmeiskaia Pravda newspaper in October 1943. The newspaper article did not mention the Jewish origin of the victims. In the 1960s, relatives of the murdered Jews collected money to build a memorial. The monument was created in Leningrad and placed on the mass grave on June 19, 1966. 250 Jewish relatives were present at the inauguration of the monument. The local administration forbade recording the Jewish origin of the victims on the memorial stone.
After the war, Lev Erenburg was the only Jew living in Ljady. Although he was a graduate of Leningrad University, he was unable to find work as a result of Stalin's anti-Semitic campaigns from 1948 to 1953. That's why he moved to Ljady at the end of the 1940s, where he worked as a history teacher. Erenburg tried to present the story of the Jews of Lyady in a museum in the local school.
Ljady, view of the church
Lyady
Ljady, memorial 1812
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://globus.tut.by/lyady_dubr/index.htm
- ↑ a b Вячеслав ТАМАРКИН: [ http://www.mishpoha.org/library/03/0304.shtml ГЛАС УБИЕННЫХ МОЛЧАТЬ НЕ ДАЕТ! .] In: Журнал "Мишпоха" (Ed.): Международный еврейский журнал "МИШПОХА" . September. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
- ↑ http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=489
- ↑ http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/murderSite.asp?site_id=588
- ↑ Monument of 1812 was
- ↑ http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=489
- ↑ http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/commemoration.asp?cid=489