Llandaff Palace
| Llandaff Palace | |
|---|---|
 The ruins of the gatehouse of Llandaff Palace |
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| Alternative name (s): | Llandaff Castle; Bishop's Palace, Llandaff |
| Creation time : | Late 13th century |
| Place: | Llandaff |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 29 '38.8 " N , 3 ° 12' 58.7" W |
Llandaff Palace (also called Bishop's Palace, Llandaff or Llandaff Castle ) is the ruins of the fortified medieval residence of the bishops of the Welsh diocese of Llandaff . The facility, classified as a Grade I cultural monument and protected as a Scheduled Monument , is located in the north-west of the Welsh capital Cardiff , Llandaff .
history
It is said that Bishop Urban, who renovated Llandaff Cathedral at the beginning of the 12th century, built the first castle on the site of the present palace. The remaining parts of the Bishop's Palace were probably built in the late 13th century by Bishop William de Braose , who was Bishop of Llandaff from 1266 to 1287. The palace was first mentioned in 1328. Probably during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr , the castle was conquered and damaged around 1404. Allegedly only the gatehouse was still habitable after the attack, but the bishops continued to use the castle until the middle of the 15th century. Around this time the bishops moved to the Mathern Palace in the village of Mathern near Chepstow . The palace and the Llandaff reign were leased to the Matthew family, who built Llandaff Court as their new residence south of the palace in the 16th century . With the exception of the gatehouse, the walls and towers of the castle were probably laid down after the English Civil War , and in the 18th century the castle fell into disrepair. The Matthew family had moved their headquarters to Ireland, where Francis Matthew was raised to Earl Llandaff in 1797 , and Llandaff castle and lordship continued to lease. Admiral Thomas Matthew had the old Llandaff Court demolished in 1742 and rebuilt by 1749. In 1850, Bishop Alfred Ollivant bought Llandaff Court and used the property, now known as Bishop's Court , as a residence; the old castle served as a walled kitchen garden . Bishop's Court served as a residence until 1939, and since 1958 it has served as the Cathedral School . In 1971, the adjacent castle ruins were handed over to the City of Cardiff, which restored the gatehouse and made the complex accessible as a public park in 1972. In 1962 and from 1971 to 1972 archaeological investigations of the complex took place.
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investment
The ruin is part of a group of historic buildings at the southeast end of Llandaff's Cathedral Freedom. The northeastern side of the castle originally bordered directly on the River Taff , which, however, shifted its course further north over the next centuries. The palace was a small castle, fortified with a curtain wall and towers, which was presumably still secured on the south side by a moat that is now filled. The castle, built mainly of limestone, was laid out around an irregular inner courtyard and had four other towers in addition to the gatehouse. The gatehouse is the best preserved part of the complex. It is similar to the north outer gatehouse of Caerphilly Castle , built around 1277, but the towers are square in plan with rounded corners. Originally it had two more floors above a ground floor, but only the ground floor has survived. It has an arched passage that was secured with gates and a portcullis. A spiral staircase in the square stair tower attached to the rear led to the upper floor, which presumably contained a hall. The curtain wall is still partially preserved, preferably on the west side, especially the north and south-east sides of the wall were rebuilt in the 18th century as a wall surrounding the kitchen garden. On the south corner are the remains of a round tower, on the eastern corner those of a square corner tower, which presumably served as living space. Of the residential hall in the northeast of the complex, only the outer wall, which was also part of the curtain wall, has been preserved. It had large exterior windows that reduced the military capabilities of the facility. From the other buildings of the castle, which were probably only made of wood and half-timbered, no remains have been preserved.
literature
- Elisabeth Whittle: Glamorgan and Gwent . HMSO, London 1992. ISBN 0-11-701221-1 , pp. 168-169
- Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales: An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan: III - Part Ib: Medieval Secular Monuments - The Later Castles from 1217 to the present. HMSO, London 2000, ISBN 978-1-871184-22-8 , pp. 33-50
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Castles of Wales: Llandaff Castle. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
- ^ British Listed Buildings: Ruins of the Old Bishop's Palace, Llandaff. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
- ↑ Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales: An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan: III - Part 1b: Medieval Secular Monuments, the Later Castles from 1217 to the present , Her Maj. Stat. Office, London 2000, ISBN 978-1-871184-22-8 , p. 8
- ^ Elisabeth Whittle: Glamorgan and Gwent . HMSO, London 1992. ISBN 0-11-701221-1 , p. 168
- ^ Adrian Pettifer: Welsh Castles. A Guide by Counties . Boydell, Woodbridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-85115-778-8 , p. 97