Purple fire butterfly
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Purple fire butterfly ( Lycaena alciphron ) |
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| Lycaena alciphron | ||||||||||||
| ( Rottemburg , 1775) |
The purple fire butterfly ( Lycaena alciphron ) is a butterfly (day butterfly ) from the family of the bluebells (Lycaenidae).
features
The species shows pronounced sexual dichroism . The upper sides of the wings are colored red gold and have black spots. The male moths shimmer purple. The females are colored brown on top and also marked with black spots. Orange submarginal spots are present on the hind wing .
distribution
The purple fire butterfly is locally and sporadically distributed in Europe, Morocco and Turkey at altitudes between 500 and 900 meters. In Germany it has become rare in most of the sites.
Lycaena alciphron ssp. In Germany, alciphron inhabits low mountain ranges and lower altitudes with a continental climate. In the low mountain ranges, the egg-laying and development of the butterfly takes place predominantly in dry, poor and gutted open-land biotopes. Typical habitats are acidic grasslands , mountain meadows and heaths . In the lowlands, the habitats of the butterfly and its developmental stages are poor ruderal meadows, dry sandy grasslands, but also fresh meadows that are rich in species and flowers.
biology
The caterpillar of L. alciphron ssp. alciphron is primarily nocturnal and eats meadow sorrel ( Rumex acetosa ), small sorrel ( Rumex acetosella ) and ostrich-flowered sorrel (Rumex thyrsiflorus). The moths suckle on numerous nectar plants, such as B. Thymianen to white-flowered Schirmblütlern as Giersch to Leucanthemum vulgare ( leucanthemum vulgare ), Brombeerblüten ( Rubus ), thistle ( Cirsium ), field scabious ( Knautia arvensis ) and Dost ( Origanum vulgare ).
Lycaena alciphron ssp. alciphron flies in one generation from June to July. In the coastal areas of southern France , the moth can be observed as early as April. Lycaena alciphron ssp. gordius flies in one generation from late June to late August
Systematics
- Lycaena alciphron ssp. alciphron Rottemburg , 1775. Berlin, Germany
- Lycaena alciphron ssp. melibaeus Staudinger , 1879. Greece. Photos: (1)
- Lycaena alciphron ssp. gordius Sulzer , 1776. Canton of Graubünden , Switzerland.
- Lycaena alciphron ssp. heracleana Blachier , 1908. High Atlas , Morocco. Photos: (4)
Two different subspecies live in Central Europe. Lycaena alciphron ssp. alciphron flies in Alsace , Germany and further east. Lycaena alciphron ssp. gordius flies in the southern Swiss Alps and further south and southwest.
Hazard and protection
- Red list Germany: 2 (endangered).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 , p. 73 .
- ↑ Butterfly. 2. Special part: Satyridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae . In: Günter Ebert, Erwin Rennwald (eds.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 2 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1991, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4 , pp. 236 .
- ↑ Thomas Fartmann, Gabriel Hermann: Larval ecology of butterflies and rams in Central Europe. In: Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History 68 (2006) Issue 3/4, ISBN 3924590877 , online: PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Lepidopterists' working group: Butterflies and their habitats. Species - endangerment - protection. Volume 2. Verlag Fotorotar Egg / Switzerland, ISBN 978-3855870301
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .
literature
- Hans-Josef Weidemann: Butterflies: observe, determine . Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-115-X .
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 1: Butterfly. 4th enlarged edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1966, DNB 457244224 .
- Josef Settele, Roland Steiner, Rolf Reinhard, Reinhart Feldmann: Ulmer Naturführer: Butterflies. The butterflies of Germany . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4167-1 .
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Taxonomy and Photos
- www.schmetterling-raupe.de
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (English)
- Lycaena alciphron at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 3, 2011