Munich-Dachau paper mills
| Munich-Dachauer Papierfabriken AG
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| legal form | Corporation |
| founding | November 12, 1862 |
| Seat | Dachau , Germany |
| Branch | Paper production |
The München-Dachauer Papierfabriken Aktiengesellschaft (AG) was a company with several paper manufacturing facilities in the vicinity of Munich , primarily in Dachau and Munich, which was founded on November 12, 1862.
Company history
Paun's paper mill Dachau
In 1840, the paper manufacturer Ulrich Kurz from Mehring bought the property of the Kistler and Fournier saw owner Willibald Ruf at the foot of the Schlossberg Dachau on today's Brunngartenstrasse Dachau. To this end, the buyer from Markt Dachau applied for the property to the east of it to be given to him as well. He also asked the magistrate to get a permit to operate a paper mill. After the approval of the magistrate was available, he left the property to his fellow trader Johann Paun, which resulted in the Paun'sche paper mill (today Brunngartenstraße in Dachau).
The royal engineer lieutenant Gustav Medicus took over the Paun'schne paper mill in 1859 and completely rebuilt it between 1859 and 1861. With the decision of the royal government of Upper Bavaria on July 11, 1859, he also received the water usage rights for the operation of the paper mill on the Dachau Brunnen Canal (today's Mühlbach). For the expansion of the Paun'schen paper mill, Medicus received the building permit and the parish land that was necessary for the expansion on March 21, 1860. After the completion of the paper mill, however, a fire broke out, but the damage was limited.
Auer paper mill Munich
On January 1, 1851, Gustav Medicus also acquired the Auer paper mill on Auermühlbach in Munich. Karl Ritter von Stegmaier sold it to the court book printer owner Josef Rösl on May 27, 1841, who died on February 23, 1849, and his wife Antonie Rösl. Gustav Medicus gradually turned the Auer paper mill into a paper mill with a mechanical drive.
Gustav Medicus pursued his great goal of starting a large-scale production of machine paper in the Munich area. This earned him the criticism of the " Augsburger Neuesten Nachrichten " from the leading printer and cloth-making city of Augsburg, which in an article dated July 16, 1862 already questioned the profitability of the project.
Foundation of Munich-Dachauer Aktiengesellschaft for machine paper production
On September 29, 1862, King Maximilian II of Bavaria granted the operating license for the Rösl'sche paper factory in Munich and Dachau under the name München-Dachauer-Aktiengesellschaft für Maschinen-Papierfabrikation, based in Munich, for a preliminary period of 50 years. On October 23, 1862, the first general meeting of the stock corporation took place in the stock exchange shop at Kaufingerstrasse 9 in Munich, at which the royal lawyer Dr. Henle was appointed chairman of the general assembly and Gustav Medicus was appointed first board member of the stock corporation. However, it was still some time before all approvals and payments of the subscribed shares were available, so that the official establishment could only take place on November 12, 1862. In 1864 Louis Weinmann was appointed to the company's first board member.
Purchase of the Kegelhof factory
After the first expansion of the stock corporation by purchasing the factory at Kegelhof in der Au in Munich, the Paun'sche paper factory also experienced a considerable expansion in 1868. First they invested in a sorting and satinising room and in the following year a second paper machine from Escher Wyss with a working width of 1.625 m was added.
Due to the great business success, negotiations began in 1868 with the property owners along the Amper-Mühlbach Canal in order to acquire a large, contiguous site on which several paper machines with all ancillary systems would be housed.
Acquisition of the Dachau stone mill
In 1871 the joint-stock company acquired the extensive property of the stone mill of the grinding mill owner Johann Dick, whose mill was one of the oldest grain mills in the whole of the Dachau region, for 76,000 fl. In 1871, the demolition of the mill equipment began and the construction of the new Steinmühle paper mill, into which a raw material factory was also integrated, because there was fear of raw material scarcity.
Expansion and innovation - the raw material factory
Always on the lookout for technical innovations and expansions, the corporation sent all of its management staff to the world exhibition in Vienna in 1873 with the first chairman, Louis Weinmann. The mechanical engineering company Escher Wyss (Zurich) was also represented there , from which a second paper machine, which was actually intended for an Austrian customer, could be acquired for the Steinmühle paper mill at favorable conditions. This second paper machine had a working width of 1.83 m and a production speed of around 20 m / min. In the Steinmühle plant, production mainly comprised high-quality printing paper, while in the Paun'schen paper factory mainly types of writing paper, which were mainly purchased by the paper wholesaler Andreas Kaut Munich.
In the following years good business was achieved, so that the Munich-Dachauer Papierfabriken AG with the Löwenbrauerei were the highest traded companies on the Munich stock exchange.
In the years 1885 to 1887, it was decided to take the next step in innovation with the construction of a calender room and a paper room and the installation of a third paper machine in the Steinmühle paper mill. After completion of the construction work, in the course of which the factory premises were completely redesigned, the tie rod on the outside of the equipment building was proudly decorated for the first time with an MD signet (first logo) and a tower clock on the roof of the expanded production line.
CEO Louis Weinmann, who was interested in a broad raw material base of his own, integrated a raw material factory into the Steinmühle plant. Wheat and rye straw were bought by the Dachau farmers in the surrounding area, cleaned and processed and, after passing through a cardboard press, processed into rolls with a dry content of 30 percent. In April 1904, the production of raw materials was stopped, as the use of chemicals was very high and recovery of these was too low. During the inflation, the idea of restarting raw material production came up again, but the plants were so outdated that this was no longer possible.
First World War
For employees called up for military service, it was stipulated that they would remain in the coffers and their rights in the company, and a monthly maintenance allowance of 10 marks for women and 6 marks for each child under 14 years of age was granted. Payments were also made for the war welfare committees in the locations of the Dachau, Pasing and Olching branches.
From 1916 the personnel situation deteriorated dramatically; also through the priority provision of personnel for the powder and ammunition factory in Dachau. In order to be able to maintain operations in the Steinmühle plant, the Paun'sche paper factory / Obere Fabrik was shut down in 1916.
The corporation once again demonstrated its responsibility for its employees by providing a sum of 185,000 marks to be withdrawn from the company for the years 1914, 1915 and 1916, which within one year in two installments to all organs of the company and workers was paid out.
Soviet Republic
In November 1918, the Management Board reported a very favorable business situation, although a few days before the November revolution was proclaimed. In Dachau, a works meeting was called in the Hörhammer Hall, to which the works manager Gustav Kittelberger was summoned. The latter ignored the summons, which is why a workers' delegation told him the following morning that he had been removed. He let the people finish speaking quietly and then continued to do his job (Gustav Kittelberger report of January 12, 1950)
The finance minister of the Council Republic of Baiern had the stock corporation produce considerable quantities of watermark paper for the production of banknotes, so that even other deliveries to customers could almost not be fulfilled. On April 30, 1919, the Görlitz Freikorps drove the "Reds" out of Dachau.
Weimar Republic
In 1921 the expansion of the Olching I power station was completed by the joint stock company. This supplied cheap power for grinding in the Olching II works. The Pasing paper mill also underwent a modernizing renovation, which significantly increased the production speed of paper machines I and II.
On April 1, 1922, the company was changed to Munich-Dachauer Papierfabriken Aktiengesellschaft in Munich .
The rapid inflation brought the employees of the stock corporation into economic hardship. The corporation tried to alleviate the resulting economic hardship by allocating coal and potatoes. In these turbulent economic times, another real operating value had to be found through a gold mark estimate, which was carried out with an evaluation of the works beginning on October 1, 1924.
From the evaluation report:
Upper Dachau factory (Paun'sche paper factory)
2 older paper machines with Dutch, bleaching, pan mills, calenders, sheeters and all ancillary machines that are all out of order. The sorting room works for the Steinmühle plant; expanded hydropower 180 hp, expandable to a total of 500 hp.
Steinmühle paper mill
Paper machine I: 2.1 m working width, paper machine II with 2.0 m working width, paper machine III with 2.5 m working width Output 28,500 kg of paper net per working day Dutchman, cone mill, pan mills, mixing and stirring vats, bleaching Dutchman, chlorine dissolution, rag sorting, Rag boiling, material recovery. Calenders, rewinding and roll cutting machines, angle and plan cutting machines, embossing, folding and lining machines, paper room. Steam generating plants, steam power plants. Expanded hydropower 250 HP.
Deutenhofen plant
3 friction grinders with refiners and fine sorters, 3 dewatering machines, wood yard and wood peeling; developed hydropower 400 PS, expandable to a total of 1000 PS.
Olching I plant
Exclusively power station, a complete weir system, turbines, motors and switchgear for power and light. Developed hydropower 650 hp
Olching II plant
7 friction grinders driven by water power, presorters, refiners, fine sorters, 6 dewatering machines, 1 magazine grinder with 600 HP drive. Lumber yard and wood peeling. Expanded hydropower 750 HP; expandable to a total of 1000 hp.
Pasing plant
Paper machine I with 2.00 m working width, paper machine II with 1.64 m working width, paper machine III with 2.20 m working width, whole and semi-finished products, cone mill, pan mills, mixing and stirring vats. Bleaching Dutch, chlorine dissolution, rag boiling, material recovery. Rewinding, roll cutting and roll gluing machines, calenders, cutting, pressing, embossing, folding and lining machines. Sorting and paper room, steam generation plants, steam power plants. Developed hydropower 270 hp.
Munich facilities (Krichplatzstraße 9 and Kegelhof 2 and 3)
Administration with office buildings, storage rooms for the Max Bullinger paper wholesaler, which is run as a separate company but was owned by MDP-AG. The business premises of the Bullinger company and the head office are in the best business location at Residenzstrasse 6 and Schrammerstrasse 4. At Auer Mühlbach, which used to be used for the operation of the old paper mill, there is an absolutely constant water power of 74 HP that is rented out. For the gold mark appraisal of the property one needed another expert who conscientiously recorded all buildings and properties. The plants in Munich, which were all built on and had an area of 0.972 hectares, were worth 1,033,000 marks; the facilities in Dachau, developed and undeveloped (Steinmühle and Obere Fabrik) with 21.182 hectares, a value of 2,040,882 marks, the facilities in Pasing, developed and undeveloped with 27.612 hectares, a value of 4,606,952 marks, the facilities in Olching , built on and undeveloped with 131.656 ha, a value of 726,319 marks, the facilities in Deutenhofen, built and undeveloped with 47.205 ha, a value of 268,000 marks. Forest ownership up to 20 years old: 173.860 ha, 20–40 year old: 62.460 ha, 60 year old: 64.869 ha.
Web links
- Louis Weinmann project. (PDF) From the paper mill to the city district. Isaria Wohnbau AG, 2017, accessed on November 7, 2019 (history of the paper mill from 1862 to 2007).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Municipal Minutes of Markt Dachau from May 27, 1837
- ^ Decision of the royal government of Upper Bavaria on July 11, 1859
- ↑ Municipal Minutes of the Dachau market dated March 21, 1860
- ↑ Municipal Minutes of the Markt Dachau dated June 30, 1861
- ↑ Augsburg Latest News No. 101 of July 16, 1862
- ^ Eugen Hubrich: The beginnings of the Munich-Dachau paper mills . In: Amperland . 1996, p. 324-327 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Eugen Hubrich: Munich-Dachauer paper mills 1837-1937 . Ed .: Eugen Hubrich and Helmut von der Heyde. tape 1 . Self-published, 1997, p. 41 .