Müschede (noble family)
Müschede was a medieval noble family with its headquarters in Müschede near Arnsberg . The spelling of the name alternated between Muche, Musche, Mussche and Müssche.
The family in the springs
Müschede was one of the many Sauerland villages after which an aristocratic family named themselves in the Middle Ages . The news about this family de (= von) Muche / Musche / Mussche is very sparse compared to that of the neighboring families of Hüsten , von Wicheln , von Reigern and von Herdringen, whose names have changed over time, for example. B. have changed due to extinction in the male line.
The following information is available about the de Muche family:
In 1179 Luthfridus de Muche renounced a fiefdom that he owned in Oelinghausen. This document is the oldest known, unambiguous information about the de Muche family and indirectly about the town of Müschede. In the oldest, more detailed document about the town of Müschede, Erenbertus de Musche et Conradus frater suus (Erenbert de Musche and his brother Conrad) were named as witnesses in a Müscheder trademark matter in 1242 . The sources report from the year 1295 that the abbess of the monastery in Meschede took over the son Heinrich of the deceased Heidolf de Musche (Hinricum filium quondam Heidolfi de Musche) as ministerial from Count Ludwig von Arnsberg . Further information about the family does not come from the year 1413, when Jutte van Mussche transferred a pension from the Gut zu Alhaben (Alberdinchusen) to the Oelinghausen monastery . In 1419 the Jungfrau Jutte von Möringen (Morynchusen), known as von Mussche, transferred the free hereditary property to Alhaben (Alberdynchusen) to the Oelinghausen monastery in front of the free chair in Müschede. As early as 1424, Berthold Kreuwel von Steinhausen (Stenhusen), together with his wife Aude and on behalf of their children, confirmed that the farm and the estate at Alhaben (Alberinchusen) had been given to the Oelinghausen monastery by the deceased Jutten von Marinchusen with their consent.
According to the deed of August 12, 1179, Luthfridus de Muche renounces the part of the tithe at Oelinghausen, which he had as a fief from Conrad de Ruthenberg, in his and his heirs' names (the heirs are not named) . Conrad de Ruthenberg, for his part, returned this tithe, which he had in fiefdom from the Archbishop of Cologne, Philip I , back into his hands, so that the Archbishop now gave this tithe to the brothers and sisters of the Oelinghausen monastery (the monastery was initially a double monastery, so Men's and women's monasteries) as a gift. The surrender and donation took place at Soest in the presence of a large archbishop's retinue, including the bishop of Osnabrück and the counts of Arnsberg and Ravensberg .
Luthfridus de Muche appears in this document as a feudal lord of the nobleman Conrad de Ruthenberg, a member of the von Rüdenberg family, who sat in the Cologne part of the Old Castle in Arnsberg in the 12th and 13th centuries and was one of the most important Sauerland feudal bearers of the Cologne church . From the fact that Luthfridus de Muche was a feudal man of Conrad de Ruthenberg, it does not have to be concluded that he must be viewed as a ministerial of the nobleman, as a servant (bondage understood as a certain serfdom, but not as bondage).
Research problems
The family in the high Middle Ages
A document from 1174 most likely says more about the status of Luthfridus de Muche. In this document, Archbishop Philipp I of Cologne confirms the foundation of the Oelinghausen Monastery. Among the many witnesses, of whom - in contrast to the separately listed ministerials - it is called "Hii omnes nobiles seu liberi" (all of them are noble or free), there is also a Luttfridus (without designation of origin or any other name addition). Since in the known documents from the period from 1150 to 1200 apart from the Luthfridus de Muche mentioned in 1179 and this Luttfridus from 1174 there is no Luthfridus or Luttfridus, but these two occurrences are in Oelinghauser documents, it can be assumed with reasonable certainty that the Luttfridus of 1174 is identical to Luthfridus de Muche of 1179, so that Luthfridus de Muche was a suitor and not a ministerial. This finding is important for evaluating further news about the de Muche family.
The document from 1242 deals with the sale of a trademark authorization that a mansus in Musche (a farm in Müschede) had in marca Musche (in the Müscheder Mark); The march comrades had to give their consent to this sale, and the following are named as march comrades: Erenbertus de Musche et Conradus frater suus, Albertus dictus Bischop et alii markenote, i.e. Erenbert de Musche and his brother Conrad, Albert called Bischop and other march comrades. The wording does not make it absolutely clear whether the addition “and other marrow comrades” only refers to Albert called Bischop, or also to the de Musche brothers. But the likelihood that the de Musche brothers will appear here as march comrades entitled to consent alongside Albertus dictus Bischop and the unnamed march comrades is very high. In contrast to the other documentary witnesses, the brothers de Musche and Albertus dictus Bischop are not further characterized by any additional information. The other witnesses are called plebanus (pastor), milites (knight), officialis noster (our - namely the Count of Arnsberg - bailiff) and villicus noster de Wicke (our - namely the Count von Arnsberg - Schulte von Wicke). From the fact that the de Musche brothers are simply members of the march, it can be concluded that they had no official relationship with the Count von Arnsberg, the issuer of the certificate, and that they were free men on open land ( Allod) sat. What has already been said about the free Luitfridus would fit in with this. Nothing can be said about the family relationship between the de Musche brothers and Luthfridus de Musche. In terms of time, they could most likely be seen as his grandchildren.
The news contained in the document of 1295 does not match the picture obtained so far by the de Musche family. From the period from 1242 to 1294, no news about the de Musche family has come to light, thus nothing about a possible change in the status of the de Musche family, as the document from 1295 would have to have taken place. According to this document, the Abbess of Meschede received the Countess Ministerial Heinrich, son of the late Heidolf de Musche, from the Count of Arnsberg. If this Heidolf and his son Heinrich belonged to the von Luthfrid, Erenbert and Conrad family - and there is no sufficient reason to deny this - then the family has in the meantime sunk into ministeriality, they have their personal freedom to a certain extent and well also lost their free property (allod). It is strange, however, that a member of the de Musche family never appears in the entourage of the Counts of Arnsberg. The de Musche family does not appear in the feudal roles of the Counts of Arnsberg. Of course, this raises some doubts as to whether Heidolf and Heinrich belonged to the Luthfrids, Erenberts and Conrads families, but since no further news is available, the uncertainties cannot be cleared up for the time being.
The family in the late Middle Ages
We have not heard from the de Musche family for over 100 years. Only in 1413 does she suddenly reappear, with Jutte van Mussche, who describes herself as “of the tribe docter dem god genade” (the tribe's daughter, to whom God may have mercy), that is, as the last of her tribe. This Jutte van Mussche gave on the day of Pauli Conversion (January 25th) 1413 to the virgins of Oelinghausen, i.e. the Oelinghausen monastery, to hold their annual mass two Malter Korn from a farm in Alberdinchusen (Alringen, Parish Enkhausen), on which currently (in the year 1413) Hannes Hacke was sitting. From the monastery documents it can be seen that Jutte von Mussche himself also belonged to the convent of the virgins in the monastery Oelinghausen. It is not specified where the deed of gift was issued. The seal of Juttes that was attached to the certificate has now fallen off. All that has survived is a picture of a partially rolled up and therefore only fragmentarily recognizable seal (Th. Ilgen, Die westfälischen Siegel des Mittelalters, Vol. 4, Münster 1894), of which only five letters were legible. If the last four of these letters (the only connected ones) can actually be read as “hede” (as the remainder of Muschede), then the described seal should not be that of Jutte van Mussche; because it can be excluded that the certificate issuer names herself differently in the certificate text than in the seal inscription (Muschede instead of Mussche). The image of the seal described is an anchor cross that says nothing about the jutte family (from the same seal or coat of arms or similarity, it can be proven here and there that families with different names have a common origin). Jutte van Mussche appears as a representative of the van Mussche family, who at first only reveals to us: The family still existed in 1413, although it has not been mentioned anywhere since the 13th century.
With the document from 1419, the circumstances around Jutte van Mussche, here called Jungfrau Jutte von Mörings called von Mussche, and her relationship to Müschede, become clearer. In the presence of Gerd Seyner, the ex-count of Arnsberg, she transferred the free hereditary property to Al Bring in front of the Müscheder Free Chair on February 16, 1419, located in the parish of Enkhausen (Egynchusen) in the peasantry of Albringen and in the court of Balve (Balue) the Oelinghausen monastery. This was done so that the virgins of the convent - of which she herself belongs - might pray for her soul forever. The handling of the donation in front of the Müscheder Free Chair is clear evidence of their affiliation to the Müscheder branch of the von Mussche family.
The document of August 6, 1424 confirms the 1419 agreed donation of the property in Albringen to the Oelinghausen monastery. It also contains the news of the death of Jutte von Möringen (called von Mussche) and is the last known mention of a member of the family v. Muche / Musche / Mussche.
The Musche bourgeois family (Herm. Rothert, the oldest citizen book of the city of Soest), which has been documented in Soest since 1315 , has nothing to do with the de Muche family in Müschede.
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows an anchor cross . Tinctures and crests have not survived.
literature
- Wilhelm Voss-Gerling: Müschede, from the beginnings to the present , in: Müschede - a chronicle, part I, Arnsberg 1989.
- Manfred Wolf (arrangement): The documents of the Oelinghausen monastery. Regesten . Fredeburg, 1992. ISBN 3-922659-39-7
swell
- ↑ The related sources come from the documents of the Oelinghausen Monastery in the Westphalian State Archives in Münster and are printed in Wolf, Urkunden, of the Oelinghausen Monastery; StA MS, Oelinghausen Monastery Document 8.
- ↑ StA MS, Oelinghausen Monastery Urk. 63.
- ↑ based on a copy from the 14th century; StA MS, Msc. VI 109 sheet 23v and 109 B sheet 30.
- ↑ StAM Kloster Oelinghausen Urk. 513.
- ↑ StA MS, Oelinghausen Monastery Urk. 567.
- ↑ StA MS, Oelinghausen Monastery Urk. 585.
- ↑ StA MS, Oelinghausen Monastery Urk. 3.
- ↑ Max von Spießen: Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility, with drawings by Professor Ad. M. Hildebrandt, Görlitz 1901-1903