MAD homolog 4

MAD homolog 4
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure	552 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure	Trimer with SMAD1 / 2
Identifier
Gene name	SMAD4
External IDs	OMIM :  600993 UniProt :  Q13485
Occurrence
Parent taxon	multicellular animals

The MAD homolog 4 (also: co-SMAD from common SMAD ) is a protein in the cytosol of animal cells. It participates in signal transduction in several signaling pathways , in particular in the TGF-β signal pathway and in the BMP signal pathway . In the course of these signaling pathways, co-SMAD binds to SMAD1 and 2, after which the trimer switches from the cytosol to the cell nucleus and interacts with transcription factors there . These processes can control embryonic and adult cell proliferation and differentiation and play a role in many diseases. Mutations in SMAD4 - gene can lead to the interruption of these pathways and thus to uncontrolled cell division, which is why co-SMAD also the outdated term tumor suppressor has. co-SMAD mutations are associated with colon cancer , pancreatic cancer , juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), and a combined syndrome of JPS and Osler's disease .

The abbreviation MAD comes from fruit fly research, where a homologue of the protein was first discovered.

Web links

• University of Utah SMAD4 database

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB): PROSITE documentation PDOC51075. Retrieved September 20, 2011 . 
2. ↑ UniProt Q13485
3. ↑ CH Heldin, A Moustakas, L Huminiecki, B Jassal: Signaling by TGF beta. (No longer available online.) In: reactome.org. EBI, February 2, 2006, formerly in the original ; Retrieved October 7, 2010 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
4. ↑ L Huminiecki, A Moustakas: Signaling by BMP . In: EBI (Ed.): Reactome.org . November 7, 2007, doi : 10.3180 / REACT_12034.1 ( reactome.org ).