Machmur

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Machmur
location
Machmur (Iraq)
Machmur
Machmur
Coordinates 35 ° 47 '  N , 43 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 35 ° 47 '  N , 43 ° 35'  E
Country IraqIraq Iraq
Autonomous Region Kurdistan
Governorate Erbil
Basic data
height 267  m
Residents 18,000

Machmur ( Kurdish مەخموور Mexmûr ; Arabic مخمور, DMG mahmur ) is a town in the same district of the mainly Kurdish inhabited Iraqi governorates of Erbil . It is located southwest of the city of Erbil , the capital of the Kurdistan Autonomous Region . The whole district is one of the disputed areas of Northern Iraq to which the Kurdistan government is claiming.

Kurdish refugee camp Machmur

The Kurdish refugee camp Machmur is located in the Machmur district, in the middle of the triangle Mosul - Kirkuk - Erbil.

In 1993, entire villages, a total of around 17,000 people, from the area around Mardin , Hakkâri and Şırnak (south-eastern Turkey) fled the fighting between the Turkish army and the PKK across the border into northern Iraq and temporarily settled in various refugee camps. In 1994 the UN granted them refugee status and placed the people in the Etrus camp. From there, people fled on their own initiative to Machmur near the city of Mosul, which is under Iraqi control. It was opened in 1998 and is the refuge of up to 12,000 Kurdish refugees from the Turkish region of Southeast Anatolia who fled during the fighting between the Turkish army and the Kurdish PKK in the 1990s . Machmur is one of the strongest PKK bases in Iraq, and many of the residents of Machmur have joined the PKK.

Since 1998, Machmur has been officially under the protection and control of the UNHCR and the Iraqi government. It is the seventh camp for the people who fled Turkey.

In Machmur, seven schools were made functional with the help of the UNHCR. Until an official ban in October 2001 , classes were held there in Kurmanji , a language of the Kurds who predominantly live in Turkey. In 2011, a process that took several months to issue official identity documents to 10,240 refugees was completed.

At the beginning of August 2014, in the wake of the Iraq crisis , fighting broke out between IS and Kurdish forces from the Peshmerga and the PKK for supremacy over Machmur. IS captured Machmur on August 7th until the Peshmerga and PKK fighters returned on August 10th with US air support. Since the Iraqi-Kurdish fighting in October 2017, Machmur has been under the control of the Iraqi government again.

Great personalities

See also

References

  1. ↑ Map of the UNHRC from 2006 (PDF)
  2. ↑ Printed matter 13/10404 of the German Bundestag from April 28, 1998 (PDF; 458 kB)
  3. ↑ Focus.de: Kurds in Iraq: Forgotten in the refugee camp, accessed on April 13, 2008
  4. ↑ a b Hannes Černy: Iraqi Kurdistan, the PKK and International Relations: Theory and Ethnic Conflict (Exeter Studies in Ethnic Politics) . 1st edition. Routledge, 2018, ISBN 978-1-138-67617-6 , pp. 260 .
  5. ↑ UNHCR Global report 2006 (PDF)
  6. ↑ Human Rights Watch report
  7. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: Refugees in Iraq camp to enjoy more services, rights after registration . In: UNHCR . ( unhcr.org [accessed October 29, 2018]).
  8. ↑ BBC of October 18, 2017: Iraq takes disputed areas as Kurds 'withdraw to 2014 lines'
  9. ↑ Anadolu Agency of October 17, 2017: Kurdish forces withdraw from Iraq's Makhmur district
  10. ↑ Daily Sabah of October 17, 2017: Baghdad's offensive forces KRG to withdraw from most occupied areas