Magna Hungaria

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Hungarian prehistory and early history: approximate location of Magna Hungaria

Magna Hungaria (German roughly "large Hungary", "large" here in the sense of "old"), located roughly in today's Bashkiria , is probably the first major stopover for the (proto-) Magyars on their migration to Europe In 800 AD the Magyars separated here: while one group stayed in Magna Hungaria, the other left the area and moved further west to Europe.

Mission of Father Julian

Travels of the brother Julianus

In 1235 a group of Hungarian Dominican monks left Hungary to find those Magyars who - according to the chronicles - had stayed in their former homeland in the east. After a long journey, Brother Julianus reached the capital of the Volga Bulgarian Empire , where he was told that the Magyars had settled only two days' journey away. Julianus was able to track them down, even though the Magyars of Bashkiria had lived separately from those in the Pannonian Plain for over 400 yearshad invaded and settled there, Julianus was able to come to terms with the eastern Magyars. Julianus called the old country "Magna Hungaria" ("great / great Hungary"). However, he also heard stories about the dreaded "Tatars" (probably meant Mongols ), who were enemies with the eastern Magyars and the Volga Bulgarians.

Two years after the original trip, Julianus wanted to return to Magna Hungaria. Halfway through, however, he learned that it had been devastated by the Mongols in the meantime and apparently none of the eastern Magyars had survived. He then returned to the Kingdom of Hungary with news of an impending threat and a Mongolian ultimatum. Despite the warning, the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241 (Hungarian Tatárjárás) could not be repelled.

Another indication that Magna Hungaria is more than just a tradition are archaeological finds. Death masks were found in the area that were already used by the Obugriians ( Khanty and Mansi ) and were also found in graves from the days of the conquest of what is now Hungary.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ István Fodor: The Great Migration of Hungarians from the Urals to Pannonia. Corvina, Budapest 1982, ISBN 963-13-1125-2 , p. 201.
  2. ↑ László Klima: The Linguistic Affinity of the Volgaic Finno-Ugrians and Their Ethnogenesis. Studia Historica Fenno-ugrica I. Oulu, 1996, pp. 21-33.
  3. ↑ Dénes Balázs: Magyar Utazók LEXIKONA (cyclopaedia of Hungarian travelers). Panorama, Budapest 1993, ISBN 963-243-344-0 .
  4. ↑ Holger Fischer: A Little History of Hungary. Edition Suhrkamp, ​​1999, p. 16.

literature

  • Marion Michaela Steinicke: Apocalyptic hosts and servants of God. Wonder people of the east from the fall of antiquity to the discovery of America. Dissertation, Berlin 2005, ( Chapter IV ).
  • AH Chalikov: In search of “Magna Hungaria”. (PDF; 3.4 MB) In: Hungarian Studies, 2/2 (1986), pp. 189–215.
  • Tamás Bogyay: On the problem of the Magna Hungaria of Frater Julianus. In: Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 52 (1980), p. 140.