Mana (magazine)

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Mana (Eng. "Magic") was an Estonian literary and cultural magazine.

background

After the Sovietization of Estonia in 1940 and the occupation of the country after the Second World War , around 70,000 Estonians fled to the West in 1944, among them about a third of the famous writers. Since literature also suffered from severe censorship under the conditions of Stalinism in Estonia, part of literary life shifted to the exile community in Sweden , Canada , the United States and Australia . This remained an important aspect of Estonian literature for the entire second half of the 20th century.

Frequency of publication and number of copies

The journal Tulimuld , which has been edited by Bernard Kangro in Lund since 1950 , appeared to some younger authors from Estonia to be relatively conservative, which is why they launched a new journal in 1957. The first editor-in-chief was Ivar Grünthal , and Ivo Iliste , Ilmar Laaban and Alur Reinans were also part of the editorial team. Mana initially appeared as a quarterly magazine, with the first volume after the opening number at the end of 1957 covering the year 1958. This rhythm was kept up to the 8th year (1965). Then the transition to single numbering took place, with issue no. 4/1965 corresponding to issue 28 (since some double issues had already appeared before).

At the same time, Ivar Grünthal left the editorial team in 1965 and left the magazine to Hellar Grabbi , who had joined the editorial team in 1964. With him, the magazine moved to North America, where it was edited in Washington and printed in Toronto . At the same time, the appearance became irregular. A total of 61 issues with 5725 pages have been published. The edition fluctuated between 800 and 1500 copies.

meaning

From the beginning, Mana endeavored to integrate Estonian literature into world literature, which was already visible in the first issue: In addition to two poems by Marie Under , there is an essay by Johannes Aavik about Ovid , whose 2000th birthday was that year has been; Marie Under also provided a translation of a poem by Rainer Maria Rilke , Ilmar Laaban wrote an essay on Paul Celan , Andrus Saareste translated a text by Gustave Flaubert , and Ivar Grünthal introduced the Finnish poet Uuno Kailas .

Since 1961, when Ivar Grünthal was reviewing volumes of poetry by Lehte Hainsalu and Ellen Niit , the journal regularly looked at the literature of Soviet Estonia, which clearly distinguished it from Tulimuld . Mana made intensive efforts to establish contacts between the Estonian exile and literature in Soviet Estonia. For example, Jaan Kruusvall's sensational and successful play Pilvede värvid ( The Colors of the Clouds ) from 1983 was initially not printed in Estonia, which is why Mana took care of its distribution. However, the issue in question appeared a little late when Kruusvall's piece had already been printed in Estonia.

Trivia

After the end of censorship in Estonia during the Singing Revolution , the editorial team tried to print the magazine in Estonia for reasons of cost. Because in the absence of the necessary funding, a long-finished booklet was sometimes left behind in the print shop for years. However, this led to a very confused edition history: No. 56 (1987) was followed by No. 58 (1988) and in 1992 the closing number 61-62, which was printed in Estonia. The complete register appeared there with the order number 60 and the note that the missing numbers 57 and 59 had not appeared. They were then printed with a long delay after the index appeared, so that the series could be concluded with issues 57 (1995) and 59 (1999).

Web links

literature

  • Mana. Koondsisukord 1957–1988. Tallinn: Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu 1994. 132 pp.

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, pp. 544-545.
  2. ↑ Eesti kirjandus paguluses. XX sajandil. Toimetanud Piret Kruuspere. Tallinn: Eesti TA Underi ja Tuglase Kirjanduskeskus 2008.
  3. ↑ Eesti kirjandus paguluses. XX sajandil. Toimetanud Piret Kruuspere. Tallinn: Eesti TA Underi ja Tuglase Kirjanduskeskus 2008, p. 691.
  4. ↑ Hellar Grabbi: Toimetaja commentary, in: Mana 4/1965, p. 63.
  5. ↑ Eesti Entsüklopeedia 12. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus 2003, p. 327.
  6. ↑ Mana 1/1957, pp. 3-30.
  7. ↑ Ivar Grünthal: Aegumata Onn, in: Mana 2-3 / 1961, pp 203-206.
  8. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt: History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, pp. 660–661.
  9. ↑ Mana 54 (1985), pp. 1-23.
  10. ↑ Jaan Kruusvall: Jögi voolab. Pilvede värvid. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 1986. 93 pp.