Maria in the field

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Holy Cross Church

The collegiate church of St. Mary or the Holy Cross was located between Mainz , Hechtsheim and Weisenau , it was destroyed on June 10, 1793. Was joined her a collegiate that the Blessed Virgin was dedicated. The church was also referred to as the "Church of the Holy Virgin (Church of Our Lady) or Church of the Holy Cross or Church of Our Lady in the Field".

Location in Mainz in 1689
The collegiate church - here as Ste. Croix - on the Mainz city map with its new fortifications and their surroundings by Bernard-Antoine Jaillot, 1736

history

Maria im Felde was located in the area of ​​a Roman villa and a burial ground that was used until the 4th century, which is why Ludwig Falck and Konrad Weidemann suspect a Roman origin, which, however, has not been archaeologically proven; There is a first reliable written mention in a document dated May 17, 808 regarding a donation to the Fulda monastery. The church was raised to the rank of collegiate church by Bishop Erkanbald in 1011 and a canonical chapter was established.

Bishop Peter von Aspelt had a larger church built in Gothic style in 1320 . Around 1383, a miracle of the cross is said to have occurred in the chapel, the mercy cross was moved to the collegiate church, which subsequently became a pilgrimage destination.

The collegiate church was outside the Mainz fortifications. It was affected during the collegiate feud between Adolf II of Nassau and the Elector Diether von Isenburg in 1460: the houses of the canons were burned down. What was left could only be saved from destruction with ample ransom. The collegiate church was rebuilt in 1518, but burned down and destroyed on August 23, 1552 by Margrave Albrecht II Alcibiades (Brandenburg-Kulmbach) . At that time, the clergy fled to St. Ignaz with the cross of grace . After that, the church was poorly restored and used again from 1573. In 1689 the Mainz collegiate church housed the quarters of General Charles V (Lorraine) during the conflict with Jacques-Henri de Durfort, duc de Duras in the War of the Palatinate Succession .

After Mainz was taken by French troops under General Adam-Philippe de Custine in 1792, the city was besieged by the Allies in 1793 . The church and its outbuildings fell victim to fire and destruction again on June 10, 1793, when the trapped French tried to break out. In the following years the remains of the church were blown up and the ruins were used as a quarry for fortifications.

In the tradition of the lost church, a new Holy Cross Church was built in the Upper Town of Mainz in the 1950s .

Holy Cross

The stone cross on the old Weisenau cemetery, which the Heiligkreuzweg leads past

The Heiligkreuzweg, a street that extends from Weisenau to the Hechtsheim district, still bears witness to the former church. A stone cross used to stand in the middle of this street. Until the 1930s, the path was led around the stone cross. For centuries, a superstitious shyness kept people from moving the stone cross. When it finally had to give way to road construction and where it was moved to the old cemetery in Weisenau can no longer be determined. The stone cross without inscriptions is evenly worked and well preserved.

literature

Web links

Commons : Holy Mary in the Field  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wieczorek, Alfried: On the topography of the Hechtsheim district in the early Middle Ages. In: Mainzer Zeitschrift Volume 73/74. Mainz 1978/79, pp. 301-309.
  2. ^ Johann Samuelansch and Johann Gottfried Gruber: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts p. 147, 1842
  3. ↑ http://www.klosterlexikon-rlp.de/rheinhessen/mainz-heilig-kreuz-maria-in-campis.html
  4. ↑ a b https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/mainz/kulturdenkmaeler/heiligkreuz-stift.html

Coordinates: 49 ° 58 ′ 30 "  N , 8 ° 16 ′ 56.3"  E