Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet de Puységur

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Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet de Puységur , Marquis de Puységur (* 1751 , † 1825 ) was a French aristocrat. As a student of Franz Anton Mesmer , he was a co-founder of mesmerism and a pioneer of modern hypnosis .

Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet de Puységur

Life

Puységur, who initially lived in Soissons and ran a "magnetic" practice there, fell out with his teacher and founded a sideline of mesmerism that subsequently dominated France for several decades . The decisive difference to Mesmer's view is that Puységur neglected the aspect of fluid and emphasized the psychological aspect of hypnotization as essential for the creation of rapport between the mesmerizer and the mesmerized. While Mesmer had the reputation of a charlatan and his sessions often had a theatrical character, de Puységur was the first to describe a somnambulant state of a patient in which he was able to communicate. He also observed post-hypnotic amnesia and recognized the effects of post-hypnotic assignments.

Puységur's institute "Société des Amis Harmonique Réunis", which he had founded after moving to Strasbourg in 1785, had success up to the French Revolution , but was dissolved during the revolution and Puységur was sentenced to two years in prison. After Napoleon's fall, a new generation of practitioners adopted his teaching. However, his contributions were gradually forgotten until Charles Richet rediscovered his writings in 1884 and wanted to prove that today's hypnotherapy was essentially based on his theses. Henri Ellenberger called Puységur “one of the great forgotten authors in the history of psychological sciences” and published details from the life and work of Puységur in his work “Discovery of the Unconscious”.

Works

  • Memories for the history of the animal and the magnetic animal. 1784, reprinted 1809.
  • Suite des mémoires pour servir à l'histoire et à l'établissement du magnétisme animal. London 1786.
Both works are contained in: Aux sources de l'hypnose. Editions Imago, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-911416-80-5 .
  • You magnétisme animal considéré dans ses rapports avec various branches de la physique générale. Desenne, Paris 1807.
  • Recherches, expériences et observations physiologiques sur l'homme dans l'état du somnambulisme naturel, et dans le somnambulisme provoqué par l'acte magnétique. Paris 1811.
  • Les fous, les insensés, les maniaques et les frénétiques ne seraient-ils que des somnambules désordonnés? Paris 1812.
  • Appel aux savants observateurs du dix-neuvième siècle, de la décision portée par leurs prédécesseurs contre le magnétisme animal, et fin du traitement du jeune Hébert. Paris 1813.
  • Les vérités cheminent, tôt ou tard elles arrivent. Dentu, Paris 1814.

literature

  • History of psychiatry and medical psychology: with an epilogue on psychiatry ... By Edwin R. Wallace, John Gach, p. 558
  • Impromptu Hypnose by Ilja Grzeskowitz, page 41
  • Sabine Kleine: The rapport between animal magnetism and hypnotism. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 299-330; here: pp. 306-310.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek : Puységur, Armand Marc Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis de. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1204.
  2. ↑ Sebastian Schulz-Stübner: Medical Hypnosis: Basics and Treatment Techniques, Schattauer 2006, p. 2, here online on Googlebooks
  3. ^ Ellenberger, Henri (1970) Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry , New York: BasicBooks, pp. 70-74.
personal data
SURNAME Puységur, Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Puységur, Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet Marquis de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French philosopher, founder of an independent branch of mesmerism
DATE OF BIRTH 1751
DATE OF DEATH 1825