Solomon's stables
As Solomon's stables ( Hebrew אורוות שלמה) is an irregular vaulted hall in the Jerusalem Temple Mount , which has a maximum length of more than 80 meters with a depth that decreases to the west from 58 meters to 17 meters. The height is between 9 and 10 meters.
The entrance is at the al-Aqsa mosque . The Marwani Mosque ( Arabic المصلى المرواني, DMG al-Muṣallā l-Marwānī ) built into it.
history
Many experts assume that the hall was created when King Herod had the platform of the Temple Mount extended to the south in the direction of the Kidron Valley . A height difference of 40 meters had to be compensated for. In order to reduce the pressure on the supporting walls of the huge platform, Herod's engineers constructed several vaults on superimposed floors, for which there are reconstruction proposals from Louis-Hugues Vincent and, more recently, from Meir Ben-Dov . They could be used as warehouses and market halls. The 88 pillars that exist today do not come from Herod's construction project, but are the result of early Islamic restorations using ancient spolia. There are still three ancient, presumably Herodian arch approaches.
The architect and amateur archaeologist Tuvia Sagiv has developed far-reaching theories about the history of the Temple Mount, interpreting the temple platform and the surrounding walls (including the Western Wall) as building measures by Emperor Hadrian . The Dome of the Rock is not located on the site of the Jewish temple, but above the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus built by Hadrian (which the majority of experts localize not here, but in the center of Hadrian's new foundation, Aelia Capitolina : on the railing of the later built there Church of the Holy Sepulcher.)
Sagiv's thesis states that the stables of Solomon were originally a water reservoir that was built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the second century along with the stone wall that now surrounds the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Its structure is similar to the water reservoirs of the Roman Ramla with its stone pillars and arches. It is obvious that the reservoir was built at the same time as the wall surrounding the Al-Aqsa Mosque, since the southern and eastern walls of the reservoir formed a unit with it.
During the Umayyad rule, the vaulted hall was converted into a mosque and was named Marwani Mosque after the caliph Abd al-Malik .
The crusaders converted the vaulted hall into a horse stable for the cavalry in 1099. On some pillars you can still see the rings used to tie the horses; From the back wall, troughs protrude from the crusader era as a stable.
The entrance to the place was a gate in the south wall of the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
The name Solomon's stables has existed since the Crusader era. Here the historical reference to Solomon 's first temple was combined with the functionality of the room as the crusader stables in the time of Baldwin II (King of Jerusalem 1118–1131). This interpretation occurs almost at the same time in Johannes von Würzburg (stables for horses or camels), al-Harawi (huge stones, troughs for horses) and Benjamin von Tudela (horse stables).
The Marwani Mosque
From 1998, the Waqf , which administers the temple square, had the hall restored and made usable as a mosque. Since the Temple Square is under Israeli sovereignty and the construction work was carried out without consulting the Israel Antiquities Authority , these are illegal. Israeli Muslims were recruited as volunteers for the work, many of whom worked in the construction industry.
The prayer room can hold 7,000 people. But it wasn't just about creating a winter mosque . With the Marwani mosque one wanted to anticipate plans for a Jewish prayer room in the same place. Corresponding ideas circulated in the early 1980s and 1996.
The south wall was affected by the construction work.
In addition, a wide access ramp was built from 1999 to 2001 without archaeological support, through which the Marwani Mosque can be easily reached from the north. Cut from the excavation, the bases of half a dozen stone pillars could be seen, rubble from an unknown time. The Waqf was accused by Israeli archaeologists of having destroyed significant archaeological evidence of the past with the construction of the mosque and the excavation - witnesses to the Jewish history of the place.
It was not until 2004 that a team of Israeli archaeologists and volunteers around Gabriel Barkay received permission to examine the excavated soil that had been tipped in the Kidron Valley ( Temple Mount Sifting Project under the supervision of the Bar-Ilan University , see web links).
Web links
- Interior views video (Arabic)
- Temple Mount Sifting Project
- Private page by Tuvia Sagiv: Solomon's Stables and the Southern Gates
literature
- Gershom Gorenberg: The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount . Oxford University Press, New York 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-515205-0 .
- Max Küchler : Jerusalem. A handbook and study guide to the Holy City. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50170-2 , pp. 189-193.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 191 .
- ↑ Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 189 .
- ↑ Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 191 .
- ^ Gershom Gorenberg: The End of Days . S. 72-76 .
- ↑ Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 191 .
- ↑ Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 190 .
- ↑ a b Max Küchler: Jerusalem . S. 191 .
- ↑ Experts: Muslim building is to blame for dilapidation on the Temple Mount In: Israelnetz.de , January 2, 2002, accessed on August 11, 2018.
- ^ A b Gershom Gorenberg: The End of Days . S. 198 .
- ↑ Experts: Muslim building is to blame for dilapidation on the Temple Mount In: Israelnetz.de , January 2, 2002, accessed on August 11, 2018.
- ^ A b Gershom Gorenberg: The End of Days . S. 200 .
- ↑ http://www.wienerzeitung.at/beilagen/wienerjournal/809537_Das-schwarze-Loch-der-Archaeologie.html
Coordinates: 31 ° 46 ′ 35 ″ N , 35 ° 14 ′ 13 ″ E