Odessa massacre
In the Odessa massacre during the autumn and winter of 1941, Jews were murdered in Odessa and the surrounding cities, as well as in all of Transnistria . This happened as part of the Holocaust by Romanian troops under the guidance of the German Reich .
The Red Army had to evacuate the city during the Battle of Odessa in the first half of October after it threatened to be cut off by a German advance into Crimea . During the fighting for the city, around half of Odessa's Jewish population was able to leave the city, leaving around 80,000 Jews. The city was captured on October 16.
The actual massacre in Odessa took place from October 22nd to 24th and killed between 25,000 and 34,000 people. It was triggered by a bomb set off by Soviet partisans on October 22nd at the Romanian headquarters of the city, which was previously the headquarters of the NKVD . When the bomb detonated, 67 people died, including the Romanian commander Ion Glogojanu , 16 other Romanian officers and four German naval officers. As a reprisal , the Romanian leader Ion Antonescu ordered that 200 communists should be executed for every officer and 100 for every common soldier. On October 23, 19,000 Jews were murdered near the port. 20,000 Jews were rounded up on the premises of the prison and driven to Dalnik on the 24th , where they were killed.
The surviving Jews of Odessa were ghettoized in the Slobodka district and from January 1942 were deported to the Bogdanowka , Domanewka and Akhmetchetka camps .
literature
- Mariana Hausleitner u. a. (Ed.): Romania and the Holocaust. On the mass crimes in Transnistria 1941–1944 . Metropol, Berlin 2001
- Mariana Hausleitner: The confrontation with the Holocaust in Romania , in: Micha Brumlik (Hrsg.): Reinterpret, keep quiet, remember: the late coming to terms with the Holocaust in Eastern Europe , Frankfurt: Campus-Verl. 2010, pp. 71–89, on Odessa see p. 75.
- Radu Ioanid: The Holocaust in Romania: the destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu regime, 1940-1944 . Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000 (translation from Romanian)
- Sven F. Kellerhoff: The Forgotten Holocaust , in: Die Welt , August 30, 2006
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust History - Odessa (English)
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Final Report - International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania , p. 59 (English; PDF document; 399 kB)
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The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (VEJ), Volume 7, 2011
- Document 299: On October 23, 1941, Ion Antonescu orders that the bombing of the Romanian military headquarters in Odessa be retaliated by mass executions
- Document 300: Ion Antonescu orders massacre of Jewish refugees in Odessa on October 24, 1941
- Document 304: The head of the Abwehrstelle Romania reported on November 4, 1941 about the bomb attack in Odessa and the subsequent shootings of Jews
- Document 306: Pravda: Report of November 16, 1941 about the massacre of Romanian units of Jews in Odessa
- Odessa , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 540f.