Matavanu

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matavanu
The Matavanu during the eruption (1906)

The Matavanu during the eruption (1906)

height 708  m
location Savaiʻi , Samoa
Coordinates 13 ° 32 '17 "  S , 172 ° 23' 39"  W Coordinates: 13 ° 32 '17 "  S , 172 ° 23' 39"  W
Matavanu (Samoa)
Matavanu
Type Shield volcano
rock basalt
Last eruption 1905-1911
historical map of Savaiʻi (1910)

historical map of Savaiʻi (1910)

Template: Infobox Berg / Maintenance / BILD1

The Matavanu is an active volcano in the Gagaʻemauga district of the Savaiʻi island in Samoa . The lava that flowed when it erupted from August 4, 1905 to November 1911, covers an area of ​​50 km².

geography

The Matavanu is located on the northern flank of the up to 1858 m high island of Savaiʻi, the largest island of Samoa. The German-Swiss volcanologist Immanuel Friedlaender , who visited the island in 1907, stated a height of 708 meters for the highest point of the crater rim, which means that it protruded eighty meters above the immediate vicinity.

The eruption from 1905 to 1911

The eruption of the Matavanu was announced on July 25, 1905 by a strong earthquake , which was followed by more over the next few days. A thunderous crash was heard in the evening of August 4th, after which three pillars of fire were observed. The first lava flow could be seen on August 9th. While the initially frequent eruptions soon became rarer and decreased in intensity, the lava flowed for six years, reached the north coast of Savai'i in early 1906 and destroyed several villages over time. There were mainly minor tsunamis in 1906 and 1907 . The largest on October 6, 1907, reached a height of 3 to 3.5 meters, destroyed a boathouse belonging to the German Trading and Plantation Society, but otherwise caused only minor damage. A primary lava lake had formed in the crater by 1908 .

gallery

  • Map of the Matavanu Crater (Friedlaender, 1910)

  • Lava flow into the sea

  • Rim of the crater (Friedlaender, 1907)

  • destroyed church in Saleaula

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Explore Savaiʻi in Samoa on the website www.samoa.travel, accessed on September 12, 2016 (English).
  2. ^ Immanuel Friedlaender: Contributions to the geology of the Samoan islands . In: Treatises of the Mathematical-Physical Class of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences 24, 1910, pp. 507-541.
  3. ^ Karl Sapper : The Matavanu outbreak on Savaii 1905/06 . In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin 1906, pp. 686–709.
  4. ↑ Karl Sapper: Newer reports on the Matavanu outbreak on Savaii . In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin 1909, pp. 501-539.
  5. ^ Karl Sapper: Resonances to the Matavanú outbreak (Savaii) . In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin 1912, pp. 445–451.
  6. ↑ George Pararas-Carayannis, Bonnie Dong: Catalog of tsunamis in the Samoan Islands (PDF; 4.15 MB). International Tsunami Information Center, June 1980, accessed September 12, 2016.
  7. ↑ Kurt Wegener : The Matawanu and its lake of fire . In: The look around . Volume 15, 1911, pp. 449–455 ( limited preview in Google book search).