Matrakçı Nasuh

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Matrakçı Nasuh ( matraktʃɯ nasuh , full name Nasuh'm Karagöz bin Abdullah el-el-Visokavi Bosnavî , Bosnian Nasuh el-Matrakči ibn Abdullah ibn el-Karadjoz Visokavi el-Bosnevi , Serbian - Cyrillic Matrakčija Nasuh Visočak , also known as Nasuh el- Silâhî ; * around 1480 in Visoko , Ottoman Empire ; † around April 1564 ) was a Bosnian-born Ottoman polymath who served as a mathematician, teacher, historian, geographer, cartographer, miniature painter, scribe, janissary and more. He was brought to Istanbul from his homeland through the boy reading system and trained. There he served various sultans and taught at the Enderun Palace School .

His name Matrakçı Nasuh comes from the Matrak sparring style that he invented. Two men practice sword fighting with padded shields and sticks. Because of his skills in the art of arms, he was also named Nasuh el-Silâhî after the Turkish word Silah for weapon . The appendices el-Visokavi el-Bosnavî indicate his homeland Visoko and Bosnia.

Miniature by Matrakçı Nasuh: Suleyman I receives an ambassador

Life

Although Matrakçı Nasuh was of Bosnian Muslim origin, he came into the boy reading system, which was actually only intended for Christian subjects. Matrakçı Nasuh received military training and was a talented janissaries, swordsman, and marksman. In addition to the army, he also served in the navy .

Math and history

After a long study, he wrote his first work Cemâlü'l-Küttâb ve Kemalü'l-Hisâb on mathematics and geometry in 1517 and dedicated it to Sultan Selim I. In another mathematical work called Umdet-ul Hisab , he had an original way of lattice multiplication of multiplication, which was then taught at the Palace School for 50 years before John Napier introduced the method in Europe.

He wrote the Mecmaü't-Tevârih (1520) - a three-volume translation of the work of at-Tabarī - and expanded the universal history in a fourth volume until 1551. Several chapters and editions of the Mecmaü't-Tevârih have survived under different names. These works are called Tarih-i Sultan Bayezid ve Sultan Selim , Tarih-i Sultan Bayezid , Tarih-i Sultan Selim and Süleymanname, among others . The Suleyman name, which dealt with the reign of Sultan Suleyman I , is also passed down in several chapters: as a companion of Sultan Suleyman I on his Persian campaign , he wrote the Beyan-ı Menazil-i Sefer-ul Irakeyn in 1537 and about the later war Moldova 1538 the Fetihname-i Karabuğdan . In 1543 the Tarih-i Feth-i Şikloş, Estergon ve İstolni Belgrade was established .

Miniature painter and armorer

In addition to these works, Matrakçı Nasuh was also valued as a miniature painter . He had a natural style that focused on panoramas of landscapes and cities with lots of detail. His work of Istanbul showed almost every street and building in the city. This style became known as the Matrakçı style. The most important of his four works with his miniatures is Fetihname-i Karabuğdan , which deals with the Ottoman-Persian war of 1532–55. The book shows all stations of the Ottoman army between Istanbul via Baghdad to Tabriz in Iran as well as all the cities that the army passed.

Furthermore, Matrakçı Nasuh was also a good armorer and taught about these weapons. He and his students demonstrated their skills at the circumcision ceremony of Suleyman's sons in August 1530, when they competed against each other on At Meydanı with two movable paper fortresses. Because of this successful demonstration, he was awarded the title of Ustad (Master) and Rice by Süleyman in 1529 . His book Tuhfet-ül Guzât deals with the various weapons and techniques for the cavalry and infantry. In 1543 he was a member of the fleet under Chair ad-Din Barbarossa , which came to the aid of King Francis I against the Spaniards. Again, Matrakçı Nasuh drew many cities along the route.

In the last years of his life, Matrakçı Nasuh was apparently Mirahur - the chief equerry of the Sultan's palace.

Honors and Legacies

Annual conferences are held in his hometown in his honor and he is known as the Bosnian Leonardo da Vinci . A street near the local history museum bears his name (Matrakčijina).

Works

Math
  • Cemâlü'l-Küttâb ve Kemalü'l- Hisâb (1517)
  • Umdetü'l-Hisâb (1533, revised edition of the Cemâlü'l-Küttâb ve Kemalü'l-Hisâb)
history
  • Mecmaü't-Tevârih (1520, Turkish translation of the Chronicles of at-Tabarī. Three volumes plus a fourth later volume, which deals with Ottoman history up to 1551.)
  • Süleymannâme (several volumes on the reign of Süleyman I, 1520–37, 1543–51 and 1542–1543)
    • Beyan-ı Menazil-i Sefer-ul Irakeyn (1537, book about the campaign against Persia between the years 1533 and 1536)
    • Fetihname-i Karabuğdan (1538, book about the campaigns to Persia and Boğdan (Moldova))
    • Tarih-i Feth-i Şikloş, Estergon ve İstolni Belgrade (campaign against Hungary 1543)
Martial arts
  • Tuhfet-ul Guzat (1530, book on various martial arts)

gallery

  • The Ottoman fleet off Toulon in 1543

  • The Iranian city of Soltaniye from the 16th century.

  • The Iranian city of Soltaniye from the 16th century.

  • Matrakçıs lattice multiplication

  • Another form of grid multiplication

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Salim Ayduz: Nasuh Al-Matraki, A Noteworthy Ottoman Artist Mathematician of the Sixteenth Century . Muslim Heritage. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b c Corlu, M. Sencer; Burlbaw, Lynn, M .; Capraro, Robert M; Corlu, M. Ali; Han, Sunyoung: The Ottoman Palace School Enderun and the Man with Multiple Talents, Matrakçı Nasuh, p. 23 . In: Journal of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Series D: Research in Mathematical Education Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2010, 19-31 . Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  3. ↑ Halil Inalcik : The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600 , p 78, 1973
  4. ↑ LS Stavrianos: The Balkans since 1453 , New York 1958, p. 84.
  5. ^ Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (Verso, 1974), p. 366 .
  6. ↑ Hüseyin Gazi Yurdaydın: Matrakçı Nasûh , Ankara 1963
  7. ↑ Halil İnalcık and Cemal Kafadar: Süleymân The Second [i. e. the first] and his time . Isis Press, 1993, Matrakci Nasuh was a devfirme boy from Bosnia trained in the palace school , p. 270 .
  8. ↑ İslâm Ansiklopedisi
  9. ↑ Naida Kovačević, Pan Bošnjak: (VIDEO) Naučni skup - "Naučnik, književnik i minijaturist Nasuh Matrakči Visočanin" ( Bosnian ) Hometown Museum / Zavičajni Muzej Visoko. December 15, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  10. ↑ Ulica u Visokom - Nasuh Matrakči bio najslavniji Bošnjak Osmanskog carstva (PHOTO) ( Bosnian ) Avaz. November 18, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Matrakçı Nasuh  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Nasuh, Matrakçı
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman miniature painter
DATE OF BIRTH around 1480
PLACE OF BIRTH Visoko , Bosnia, Ottoman Empire
DATE OF DEATH around April 1564