Matrix protein 2 (influenza virus A)
| Matrix protein 2 (influenza virus A) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Rod model of the tetramer complexed with rimantadine (domes) from above and to the side, according to PDB 2RLF | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 97 amino acids | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | Homotetramer | |
| Isoforms | M1, M2 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name (s) | M. | |
| External IDs | ||
| Transporter classification | ||
| TCDB | 1.A.19.1.1 | |
| designation | Influenza A / M2 channel | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Influenza virus A | |
The matrix protein 2 ( M2 ) is a membrane protein in the viral envelope of members of the genus Influenza virus A . M2 enables the influx of protons into the virus interior after the virus has entered the target cell within a lysosome . The pH value inside the lysosome is low , which leads to an influx of protons and acidification inside the virus. This leads to a change in the conformation of the hemagglutinin in the virus envelope and to the evaporation of a fusion sequence which initiates a fusion of the virus envelope and the membrane of the lysosome. After this fusion, the inside of the virus is released into the cytosol with the RNA-containing virus capsids . The M2 protein is a transport protein in the function of proton transport and has the shape of a channel.
The matrix protein M2 is one of the three integral membrane proteins of the influenza virus virion and one of the three proteins with parts on the virus surface. The messenger RNA for the M2 protein is created after splicing . Towards the end of the infection cycle, when the surface proteins of the virus become anchored in the cell membrane, the M2 protein is involved in the removal of protons from the Golgi vesicles , in which the virus proteins are transported to the cell membrane.
Mutations in the transmembrane area of the M2 protein are responsible for part of the resistance to drugs ( amantadine ). A histidine at position 37 initiates the opening of the ion channel when it is protonated .
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt P35938
- ↑ Chizhmakov IV, Geraghty FM, Ogden DC, Hayhurst A, Antoniou M, Hay AJ: Selective proton permeability and pH regulation of the influenza virus M2 channel expressed in mouse erythroleukaemia cells . J. Physiol. (1996) 494: 329-36
- ↑ Hay AJ, Wolstenholme AJ, Skehel JJ, Smith MH. 1985. The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine. EMBO J. 4: 3021-24
Web links
- Transport Classification Database: The Type A Influenza Virus Matrix-2 Channel (M2-C) Family
- Proteopedia: Proton channels (with animation of the M2 protein)