Extra work (Marxism)

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Under overtime is in the (surplus labor) Marx's critique of political economy to be followed for the preservation of the wage laborer , so to prepare the required him to life goods (to his "reproduction") necessary work understood beyond work, which is in the form of added value and more product objectified.

Division of working time according to Marx

Marx divides the working day into two sections:

  • The first section shows the necessary work that the wage worker needs in the production process in order to work out a value equivalent for his wages. Like any other commodity, the value of labor is determined by the labor socially necessary for its (re-) production. As by food costs, training costs, costs of maintenance of the worker in a powerful state, etc. This work is also "necessary for the workers, because regardless of the social form of his work," it is therefore working within the meaning dialectical insight into the necessity of social (re-) production of the worker is specifically required, in whatever production relationships it is realized.
  • For Marx, the second period of the working day represents the surplus work, in which the immediate producer, the worker, does not receive any value equivalent for his value-creating activity (labor), i.e. this value is appropriated by another person, and in this sense an exploitation of labor takes place. In capitalist production, for example, the entrepreneur creates added value in the work process through wage labor .

Extra work and added value according to Marx

Just as the value is determined by the objectified work in it, so the surplus value is formed from objectified surplus work:

As decisive as it is for the knowledge of value in general to understand it as a mere coagulation of labor time , as merely objectified work, it is just as decisive for the knowledge of surplus value to understand it as a mere coagulation of surplus labor time, as merely objectified surplus labor. Only the form in which this surplus labor is squeezed from the immediate producer, the worker, distinguishes economic social formations , for example the society of slavery from that of wage labor.

The rate of surplus value (= surplus value / variable capital ) can be determined from the ratio of necessary labor and surplus labor , which is "[the exact] expression for the degree of exploitation of labor": surplus value / variable capital = surplus labor / necessary labor . "Both proportions express the same relationship in different forms, one time in the form of objectified (note: surplus value / variable capital), the other time in the form of fluid work (note: overtime / necessary work)."

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marx: Das Kapital , MEW Vol. 23, p. 231  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ml-werke.de  
  2. ↑ Marx: Das Kapital , MEW Vol. 23, p. 231  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ml-werke.de  
  3. ↑ Marx: Das Kapital , MEW Vol. 23, pp. 231–232  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ml-werke.de  

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