Master of the Rimini Altar

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Master of the Rimini Altar: Crucifixion Altar, around 1430, alabaster, Liebieghaus
Master of the Rimini Altar: Crucifixion Altar, around 1430, alabaster, Liebieghaus (detail)
Lorcher Pietà, around 1420, alabaster, is assigned to the Rimini master's workshop. Hessisches Landesmuseum Wiesbaden, Collection of Nassau antiquities formerly from Lorch (Rheingau)
Master of the Rimini Altarpiece: Pietà, around 1430, alabaster, Victoria & Albert Museum
Master of the Rimini Altar: St Philip, around 1420, alabaster, JP Getty Museum, Los Angeles

The master of the Rimini altar , also master of the Frankfurt crucifixion altar , is the name given to the Gothic sculptor who is unknown by name and who created the figures of a crucifixion of Christ from alabaster for the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Rimini in Italy around 1430 . The figures for the consecration of the church in 1432 may have been delivered. The master had probably exported his workshop to northern France or the southern Netherlands and from there exported his work to Italy.

The Rimini Altar

The master carved groups of figures out of several blocks, in the center you can see Christ on a cross over two meters high, under the cross there are vividly represented groups of figures, statuettes of the apostles flank the scene. The figures are one of the best preserved examples of alabaster works of art of their kind. The figures of the crucifixion show the high level of artistry of the master, who stylistically still follows the soft style . The figures were placed in an altar or perhaps in a choir screen. It was inserted into a baroque altar in the 17th century and was then acquired by the Liebieghaus in Frankfurt in 1913 .

Workshop

The master of the Rimini altar may have worked in France around Lille or Arras . Arras was then a center of alabaster art. He could also have had his creative center in Tournai , at that time still part of the French province of Cambrésis or in the southern Netherlands, in what was then the county of Flanders . Stylistic echoes of the Flemish painters Robert Campin and Rogier van der Weyden from Tournai can be found in his work. According to some experts, this connection to the Netherlands and the stimulation of the simultaneous Dutch painting is underlined by the rich and realistic folds, the combination of light and shadow reaching an almost painterly quality.

Vespers pictures

The master of the Rimini altar is also said to have created the Lorcher Pietà , an alabaster statue of the mourning Mary with the dead Christ on her lap. Other alabaster figures of such Vespers are assigned to him. The Pietà motif found widespread use in northern Europe in the 14th century and some groups of figures were also exported to Italy. It can be assumed that Michelangelo also knew such figures and that they found inspiration for his Roman Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

Works (selection)

The following alabaster figures are assigned to the master of the Rimini altar:

  • Crucifixion Altar of Rimini . Frankfurt, Liebieghaus, Inv. No. 400-418
  • Madonna and Child . London, Victoria and Albert Museum Inv. No. M.89.140
  • Pietà . London, Victoria & Albert Museum Inv. No. A.28-1960
  • Pietà . Baltimore, Walters Art Museum , inv. No. 27.349
  • Two apostle figures . New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters
  • Apostle (Bartholomew?) . Berlin, Sculpture Collection M 292
  • Pietà (Madonna dell'Acqua) . Rimini, Church of San Francesco & Tempio Malatestiano (attributed)
  • Head of john . Utrecht Church of St. Willibrordus
  • Pietà from the Lorcher Hilchenhaus . State Museum Wiesbaden
  • Pietà from the Martinskirche in Lorch (attributed) . Collection of Nassau antiquities, Wiesbaden
  • Saint Peter . formerly Frankfurt am Main, Museum of Applied Arts , Inv. No. Mu. St. 15; After restitution, auctioned off as looted art in 2014 at Sotheby’s and acquired by the J. Paul Getty Museum . Already referred to as Saint Philip in 1934 , and so now also at Sotheby's and in the Getty Museum.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Liebieghaus (Ed.): The Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung: Facts and Figures . Press release May 5, 2009 (Frankfurt)
  2. ↑ Max Creutz: The Frankfurt crucifixion altar . In: Journal for Christian Art Vol. 28/1 (1915) p. 11
  3. ^ The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400 . The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. 1962
  4. ^ Paul Williamson: European Sculpture at the Victoria and Albert Museum. London 1996
  5. ^ The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400 . The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. 1962; Information and pictures on the museum's website
  6. ↑ Wiliam D. Wixom: Medieval Sculpture at the Cloisters . Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 1989
  7. ^ Kaiser Friedrich-Museums-Verein : Complete directory of sculptures . On-Line Edition (Accessed December 2011)
  8. ↑ cf. Werner Körte : German Vespers in Italy . In: Art History Yearbook of the Bibliotheca Hertziana Vol. 1, 1937, pp. 41–48; Marzia Cecagglio u. a. (Ed.): Con gli occhi del cielo. Le madonne miracolose di Rimini . Rimini 2009.
  9. ↑ Sotheby’s auction catalog
  10. ↑ A Rare Medieval Alabaster. In: the iris, September 30, 2015

literature

  • Georg Swarzenski: Salve Crux laudabilis. For the exhibition of the crucifixion altar in the municipal sculpture collection in Frankfurt . In: German monthly books Die Rheinlande 14, 1914, p. 379ff.
  • Max Creutz : The Frankfurt crucifixion altar . In: Journal for Christian Art 28 (1915) pp. 11-13
  • Ilse Futterer: A contribution to the work of the Riminimeister . In: Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst 60, 1915-1917, pp. 293–296
  • Georg Swarzenski: German alabaster sculpture of the 15th century . In: Städel-Jahrbuch 1 (1921), p. 167ff
  • Guido Schoenberger : Alabaster sculpture . In: Otto Schmitt (Ed.): Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte . Volume 1. Stuttgart 1934, Col. 294ff.
  • Anton Legner: The alabaster altar from Rimini . In: Städel Yearbook Ser. 2, 2 (1969) pp. 101-168
  • Michael, Maek-Gérard: Liebieghaus - Museum Alter Plastik, Nachantike Großplastische Bildwerke , Vol. 2, Melsungen 1981
  • Francesca Nanni: Il Maestro di Rimini: una traccia . In: Romagna arte e storia 37, 80 (2007) pp. 27-42
  • Francesca Nanni: Scultori d'Oltralpe e presenze italiane: il Maestro di Rimini . In: Renato Barilli (Ed.): Arte attraverso i secoli . Bologna 2008, pp. 12-25.
  • Georges Duby, Jean-Luc Daval, a. a. (Ed.): Sculpture - From Antiquity to the Present, Volume 1 . Cologne 2010
  • Master of Rimini . In: Oxford Grove Art. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art . Online edition accessed December 2011

Web links

Commons : Master of the Rimini Crucifixion  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Master of the Rimini Altar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Master of the Frankfurt Crucifixion Altar, Prime Minister
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH 15th century