Yên Bái mutiny
The Yên Bái mutiny was an attempted insurrection in French Indochina organized by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party . At the center of the uprising was a mutiny by Vietnamese colonial soldiers in the garrison of Yen Bai on February 10, 1930. The aim of the mutiny to trigger a general anti-French uprising was not fulfilled and the uprising was quickly put down by the French colonial state. The subsequent repression of the illegal Nationalist Party weakened it so much that it no longer appeared as an independent factor in the power struggle for Indochina.
background
In the French colony in Indochina, several anti-colonial illegal political associations had formed among the Vietnamese. One of them was the Nationalist Party (VNQDD) founded by Nguyen Thai Hoc in 1927. This was based on the ideas of Sun Yat-sen and pursued a militant anti-colonialism with the aim of ending French colonial rule through military resistance and mass mobilization. The party was able to recruit several hundred violent members in Tonkin and carried out several terrorist attacks in 1929 . The party also campaigned against recruiting North Vietnamese workers for plantations in Cochinchina .
The uprising was planned by Nguyen Thai Hoc , the leader of the Nationalist Party. After the colonial authorities arrested several thousand Vietnamese in 1929 after the murder of a French recruiter for plantation workers, Nguyen Thai Hoc came to the conclusion that a general uprising was possible. The decision was also motivated by the increasing pressure to persecute the French authorities. The insurrection plan included a core of colonial soldiers who were to induce their garrison in Yen Bai to mutiny. Likewise, several guerrilla cells were to attack the French in the country and trigger a peasant uprising.
course
On the night of February 9-10, 1930, around forty soldiers from the garrison in Yen Bai mutinied, killing six French military personnel. They were supported by around sixty volunteers from outside the military. However, the mutineers were unable to pull any of the other 550 soldiers on site to their side. The mutiny was quickly put down by the French military. Due to the failure of the mutiny, a guerrilla cell in Bac Ninh broke off its attempt at uprising. In the Red River delta there were five other surveys, one of which was cited in the Vĩnh Bảo district by Nguyen Thai Hoc himself. On February 10, VNQDD supporters carried out several bomb attacks in Hanoi . However, the uprisings were quickly brought under control by the colonial state. On February 21, 1930, Nguyen Thai Hoc was captured.
consequences
The French criminal commission for Tonkin brought charges against 1,086 people after the uprisings. Of these, 80 were sentenced to death and 594 to long prison terms. The leader of the uprising, Nguyen Thai Hoc, was executed in June 1930. The structures of the VNQDD were almost completely smashed by the repression that followed the uprising, and their importance was decisively lost.
In response to the uprising, there were reforms in the colony's police and intelligence services. The proportion of Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial troops in Indochina was also reduced.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, p. 30
- ↑ a b Bruce L. Lockhart, William J. Duiker: Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Oxford, 2006, p. 427
- ↑ a b c Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An ambiguous colonization, 1858-1954. Berkeley 2009, pp. 315f
- ↑ Tobias Rettig (2002) French Military Policies in the Aftermath of the Yên Bay Mutiny, 1930, South East Asia Research, 10: 3, 309–331, DOI: 10.5367 / 000000002101297099