Migratory pressure

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In the social sciences, migratory pressure is understood to be a collection of factors that have a positive effect on the willingness of the population or certain parts of the population to migrate . The social sciences differentiate between push and pull factors (driving and attracting factors); migration pressure is to be understood synonymously with push factors. The nature of the factors can vary widely and range from (relative) economic hardship to political persecution. Accordingly, migratory pressure from certain population groups or institutions can be directed selectively against certain parts of the population ( racism , religious discrimination, etc.) or migratory pressure is a characteristic of such social phenomena.

Migration pressure can also be unselective, for example as a result of events such as natural disasters , famine , overpopulation .

According to a study by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development, it is mainly young men aged 20 to 30 who emigrate from poor countries in Africa who belong to the middle class. The richer an African country is, the more likely it is that people will migrate. As development increases, the likelihood that people will migrate increases, on the other hand, the number of children decreases, and if there are prospects locally, most people like to stay in their home country. The causes of flight would only be reduced in the long term through development, but not in the short term.

Migration pressure is seldom constant over a long period of time, but rather subject to fluctuations.

Examples

  • The Great Famine in Ireland : One million people, about twelve percent of the Irish population, starved to death; two million Irish managed to emigrate .
  • After the year without a summer of 1816 - the summers of 1817, 1818 and 1819 were also particularly cool - many people emigrated, most of them to America , in the regions particularly affected by climate or bad harvests, for example in southern Germany and Switzerland.
The climate change at that time was a volcanic winter as a result of the eruption of the Tambora volcano on the island of Sumbawa in what is now Indonesia . The volcano had thrown about 150 km³ of dust and ash into the atmosphere ; in the upper layers of the air they covered the entire globe like a veil.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steffen Lüdke, Guido Grigat: Researcher on immigration policy "Poverty migration to Europe is a myth". In: Interview with Reiner Klingholz . Mirror online. July 6, 2019, accessed July 6, 2019 .
  2. ^ BBC History: Jim Donelly; The Irish Famine