Milicja Obywatelska

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Police cars of the brands Nysa and Polonez in the colors of the MO.

The Milicja Obywatelska (short MO, German citizen militia ) was the official name of the police in Poland from 1944 to 1990. The special units of the MO bore the names ORMO and ZOMO .

history

After the end of World War II, the MO replaced the original Polish police. For this purpose, its establishment was decided shortly after the proclamation of the People's Republic of Poland in a decree of July 27, 1944. However, due to the civil war in Poland occupied by the Soviet Union , their organization was not implemented until October 7, 1944. The model for their education was the workers' militia established in the Soviet Union in 1917 .

The MO was subordinate to Franciszek Jóźwiak and was soon subordinated to the newly formed Ministry of Public Security . From 1955 it was then subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior . In 1956 the domestic intelligence service of Poland and the MO were merged as a result of the uprising in Poznan .

After the system change in 1989 , it was decided to dissolve the MO. In April 1990 it was fundamentally redesigned based on the model of western police forces and its name was changed to Policja (German police ).