Military pre-class
The military pre-lesson , known as pre-lesson , was a Swiss institution of voluntary military-athletic physical training between the compulsory elementary school and the recruit school . He was subordinate to the military department .
precursor
In the old confederation , physical exercise and military readiness were synonymous . Since the confederates were already conscripted from the age of 16 in the 15th century, there were programs for physical training such as 400 m high-speed running, endurance running over 10,000 steps and crossbow shooting, which were used for military training.
This was followed by the Unspunnenspiele , federal competitions , folk games, shooting festivals with a similar focus and the cultivation of the federal bond.
In autumn 1790, Colonel Hans Konrad Escher from Zurich suggested to the Helvetic Military Society in Aarau to introduce cadet corps for pre-military training in Swiss higher schools , which were then implemented by several cantons such as the new canton of Aargau .
history
The Swiss State led to the Federal Constitution of 1848 the armed neutrality , the general conscription and the militia army and put them to the military organization of the 1850th In order to promote the physical development of the future recruits of the militia army, an army reform draft of 1868 proposed that they be promoted with preliminary military gymnastics lessons. With the military organization of 1874, the boys' culture financed by the military department became compulsory during compulsory schooling. In 1904 a gymnastics test (long jump, dumbbell lifting, 80-meter run) was introduced when recruiting .
In 1909 the Federal Council issued an ordinance on preliminary gymnastics and military instruction for young men . It was greatly expanded in 1928 by the Pre-Instruction Ordinance with the promotion of offers from various private-law organizations, such as the pre-gymnastics lessons of the Swiss Federal Gymnastics Club and the armed pre-instruction of the Swiss Officers' Society.
The draft drawn up by the military department in 1937 to introduce centralized, compulsory preparatory training for those 16 to 19 years old, instead of the previously voluntary preliminary instruction, was clearly rejected by the people and the estates in 1940. In 1941 the federal government issued a new ordinance on voluntary preliminary military instruction for young people, which gave him the authority to train as a leader.
In 1942, a newly designed, voluntary pre-teaching project came into force in the development of which the scout movement, among others, played a key role. The major commissions and working groups consisted mostly of active and former scout leaders. The preliminary lessons were completely voluntary and left the organizations involved a great deal of leeway. They were able to register their exercises and camps there as courses in which one undertook to carry out sporting, technical and physical activities and were supported financially and with material deliveries from the pre-class barracks in Thun .
The newly created central office for preliminary instruction, gymnastics, sports and shooting opened the training center in Magglingen in 1942 and founded the Federal Gymnastics and Sports School in 1944 . By 1971, over 50,000 pre-class leaders had been trained. The voluntary pre-tuition included courses with sporting and technical activities, annual performance tests, winter and summer camps and courses in the mountains. In 1972 the preschool was replaced by Jugend + Sport (Y + S) .
See also
literature
- Lutz Eichenberger: The Federal Sports School Magglingen 1944–1994: 50 years in the service of promoting sports. Federal Sports School, Magglingen 1994.
Web links
- Max Edwin Furrer: Military Pre-Class. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Jugend + Sport website
- Swiss television, archive pearls, “Antenne” broadcast on April 21, 1966: the “Chum mach mit” campaign was used to advertise sports courses for pre-military instruction. It was aimed at male adolescents between the ages of 16 and 20 years