Mirów halls
The Mirów Halls (also: Mirowskie Halls , Polish Hale Mirowskie ) are two identical, one behind the other market halls from the beginning of the 20th century in Warsaw . The buildings formerly known as exhibition halls or trade halls (Polish: Halle Targowe ) are located on Mirów Square (Polish: Plac Mirowskie ) in the Mirów district of the Śródmieście district . During the fighting in the context of the Warsaw Uprising , mass executions of Polish civilians were carried out in the halls by German units. Rebuilt after the war, they are one of the few remaining pre-war buildings in the district today. The address is Plac Mirowski 1. The western front of the western hall is directly on the busy Johannes-Paul-II.-Allee opposite the modern “Atrium” office building complex.
history
The area on which the market halls are located is around 500 meters west of the former iron gate ( Żelazna Brama ) of the Saxon Garden . The trade and traffic center named after the gate , which was bordered on its north side by the Lubomirski Palace , extended up to this point. After the war, the palace was rotated 90 degrees and today stands across between the Saxon Garden or the newly created extension of Marszałkowska Street and the market halls.
At the end of the 19th century there was a barracks of the Royal Dragoons (Polish: Koszary Gwardii Konnej Koronnej ) built between 1730 and 1732 under August II by Joachim Daniel von Jauch on the site of the market halls . This facility was taken over by the city of Warsaw at the time of the occupation of the rest of Poland by the Russian Empire in the early 1890s . The tender for the development of part of the barracks area with modern market halls was won by the architect Stefan Szyller . The market halls were supposed to regulate the increasing wild trade on Żelazna Brama Square .
“The barracks were finally bought by the city a few years ago, and the intention is to set up a market here according to generally accepted conditions, as an indoor bazaar with the most modern equipment required. The project for this plant was put out to tender by the city council, and Mr. St. Szyller's plan was generally judged to be the best. So far there has not been a definitive decision on the construction of the building. The barracks are currently used almost entirely without light as a parking space for delivery vans for the market on the square of the Iron Gate ... "
“Koszary te wreszcie przed kilku laty miasto nabyło, i ma zamiar urządzić tu targ, według obecnie przyjętych zasad, jako bazar kryty, ze wszelkiemi postępowemi urządzeniami. Na project budowy owego bazaru magistrate ogłaszał bankruptcy, a plan p. St. Szyllera w zasadzie uznano za najlepszy. Dotychczas nie ma ostatecznej decyzyi, co do samej budowy. Plac po koszarach, prawie bez oświetlenia, służy za miejsce postoju wozów, za targ za Żelazną Bramą ... "
The two halls were finally built from 1899 to 1901 under a group of architects consisting of Bolesław Milkowski (construction), Ludwik Panczakiewicz (facades), Apoloniusz Nieniewski and Władysław Kozłowski. As mayor of the city, the Russian general Mikołaj Bibikow was the owner of the project. The design of the halls was largely based on the earlier design by Szyller. The halls were the largest trading center in Warsaw until they were destroyed in World War II . They were equipped with the latest technology at the time. Mainly bread, meat, fish and fresh vegetables were sold here.
Second World War
Until the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, the halls were only slightly damaged during the war. When the Warsaw Ghetto was built , the halls were excluded, the walls of the ghetto partially ran around the buildings. In the initial phase of the uprising, civilian residents of the western inner city and the Wola district were executed in the halls. A plaque at the entrance commemorates the 510 people who were shot here on August 7th and 8th, 1944. At the end of August, the area around the halls was the scene of bitter fighting between German and Polish units. During the night of August 30th to August 31st, 1944, Polish troops under Major Zagonczyk (coming from the north) and Colonel Wachnowski (coming from the east) tried to take the halls. Zagonczyk managed to advance with his soldiers as far as the halls, while Wachnowski's units did not reach their destination. The corridor held here by the Germans, about 400 meters wide, through which the wounded of the rebels were to be transported from the old town, could not be taken. Hundreds of bullet holes can still be seen on the walls of the hall. As the war continued, the halls burned down, only parts of the walls remained.
post war period
After the war, a reconstruction of the halls was not initially planned, rather a park was to be created on the site. This plan was abandoned and the two halls were rebuilt by 1962. Initially, between 1950 and 1953, the east hall (called "Gwardia Hall") was built and used as a sports arena. This is where the Gwardia sports club ( Warszawski Klub Sportowy Gwardia Warszawa ) had its headquarters. Today only a small part of the club's boxing department is used, the larger part is rented to the supermarket operator MarcPol. The city of Warsaw owns the hall. For a short time, the hall also served as a municipal bus depot for the municipal transport company MZK ( Miejskie Zakłady Komunikacyjne w Warszawie ).
From 1960 to 1962 the west hall ("Mirowska Hall" or "Mirów Hall") was rebuilt. It has served as a shopping market since it reopened on November 15, 1962. Since 1974 the hall has been managed by the Społem WSS Śródmieście cooperative , which acquired the building and the surrounding area from the city in 1997. In the 1970s, a concrete and glass pavilion, which was heavily criticized by monument conservationists, was added to the west facade of the hall on the first floor. The pavilion in which furniture is sold today destroys the historical view of the main entrance of this hall, especially from the now heavily frequented Johannes-Paul-II.-Allee.
On November 3, 1988, Margaret Thatcher bought vegetables and dried mushrooms in the hall on the occasion of economic policy talks with Mieczysław Rakowski .
Since the 1980s, the halls have no longer been preserved in accordance with monument protection requirements. The brick facades with their rich decorations are falling into disrepair. Historical lighting, windows, doors and other furnishing elements have been and are being replaced by modern standard goods. Both indoors and outdoors, the halls look dirty and unaesthetic. The western hall has since been renovated (February 2015).
Current views
East facade of the east hall
A MarcPol supermarket in the east hall
Memorial plaque on the western front of the West Hall
Renovation of the building sins
View from the east (south side)
View from the east (north side), in the background the Warsaw Trade Tower
West side of the west hall with Społem lettering
Web links
- Old photo from around 1909. View from the Iron Gate (east) to the east market hall, on the left the steel construction of the Gościnny Dwór bazaar hall from 1841 , on the right the Lubomirski Palace, which is still on an east-west axis.
References and comments
- ↑ a b the adjective form used in Polish for Mirów is Mirowskie
- ↑ A remaining part of these barracks is located in the western extension of the Mirów halls and is now used by the fire department in the Wola district as a museum and administration building. A historical photo ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. shows the demolished barracks in the middle
- ↑ according to Przewodnik po Warszawie (po 1944 roku) at Stalus.iq.pl (in Polish)
- ↑ a b according to Information Hale Mirowskie on the website of the City of Warsaw (in Polish)
- ↑ according to a report by Marta Gadomska-Juskowiak at Banwar1944.eu
- ↑ according to Janusz Piekalkiewicz, Battle for Warsaw. Stalin's betrayal of the Polish Home Army in 1944 , FA Herbig Verlagbuchhandlung, ISBN 3-7766-1699-7 , Munich 1994, p. 162
- ↑ A regional structure of Powszechna Spółdzielnia Spożywców "Społem" , a trading cooperative founded in 1907 in Łódź with around 4,000 sales outlets, restaurants and hotels
- ↑ according to Information Remarks shopping in Warsaw on the Margaret Thatcher Foundation website (in English)
Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 20 ″ N , 20 ° 59 ′ 54 ″ E