Degree measurement commission
Geodetic special study groups were designated as the degree measurement commission , which were founded from 1863 on the initiative of Austria in several Central European countries in order to do justice to the increasing importance of scientific earth measurement . The name is derived from the methods of degree measurement , which were used from around 1800 to determine the exact shape of the earth and adjacent ellipsoids for the upward trend in land surveying .
The Austrian Degree Measurement Commission was founded in Vienna in 1863 as the first such commission ; In charge were the Military Geography Institute and geodesy professors from the Vienna University of Technology, founded in 1815 . The Central European Degree Measurement Commission followed around 1865 , in which Austria and Germany under Fligely and Baeyer sought to coordinate their research projects for higher geodesy , and around 1870 the Bavarian Degree Measurement Commission . From 1870, on the initiative of Friedrich Robert Helmert, further commissions arose in Prussia, Württemberg and partly in the Rhineland.
The Austrian Gradmessung Commission received in the interwar period, the name of Austrian Commission for International Geodesy (ÖKIE) and was around 1995 in Austrian Geodetic Commission renamed (ÖGK), while the German commission in the German Geodetic Commission (DGK) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences summarized were.
The Central European Degree Measurement Commission , on the other hand, became the stem cell of the later International Association of Geodesy (IAG), which in turn contributed significantly to the establishment of the geoscientific umbrella organization of the IUGG .