Monarchism in Italy after World War II
background
On May 9, 1946 , the Italian King Viktor Emanuel III thanked . from Savoy to make way for his son Umberto II, who was less burdened by the time of fascism . On June 2nd and 3rd of the same year, the Italians were called upon to vote on the future form of government (conversion of the state into a republic or retention of the monarchy) . 54.3% voted for the republic. On June 13, Umberto had to leave the country under pressure from the government. When the result of the referendum was announced on June 18, 1946, Italy became a republic and Umberto was deposed as king. Other members of the House of Savoy had to leave the country. The relatively close result of the referendum in favor of the republic shows the high proportion of supporters of the monarchy ; Parts of it then organized themselves into parties and associations.
The monarchist parties
Before the end of the Second World War , various monarchist groups in Italy, such as the CDI (Centro della Democrazia Italiana), formed the (first) Partito Democratico Italiano (PDI) . This party, led by Roberto Lucifero and Vincenzo Selvaggi, entered the election of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 in an electoral alliance with other conservative parties as Blocco Nazionale della Libertà (BNL). In addition, the Unione Monarchica Italiana (UMI) was founded for the referendum that took place on the same day , which campaigned for one vote for the monarchy. After the referendum, which was lost from the monarchists' point of view, the PDI was largely absorbed by the liberal PLI party , a party that had advocated the continued existence of the monarchy in the referendum. The UMI remained as the umbrella organization of monarchist associations until 1993.
In the same year (1946) a new monarchist party was founded, the Partito Nazionale Monarchico (PNM) , headed by Alfredo Covelli, which achieved respectable election results at various levels (including regions , provinces and municipalities) in the 1940s and 1950s , especially in southern Italy. The 6.85% that the PNM achieved in the 1953 chamber election (Senate: 6.51%; 54 seats in total) was the best election result for a monarchist party in Italy. (Even after the abolition of the monarchy, the short-lived right-wing extremist Fronte dell ' Uomo Qualunque / UQ was pro-monarchist, but here the restoration of the monarchy was not the central point of the party program.)
In 1954, due to ideological differences, a group under Achille Lauro split off from the PNM, which was organized as Partito Monarchico Popolare (PMP) . Covelli was close to the right-wing extremist MSI , Lauro tended to the Christian Democratic DC. In 1959, the PNM and PMP (again) reunited to form the (second) Partito Democratico Italiano (PDI) (part of the PMP stood apart from this association and founded the Movimento Monarchico Italiano ). In 1961 the PDI was renamed Partito Democratico Italiano di Unità Monarchica (PDIUM) .
After the elections in 1972, in which the PDIUM failed to return to parliament, the PDIUM merged with the MSI to form the MSI-DN . Part of the party founded the Alleanza Monarchica . Those former PDIUM politicians who went to MSI-DN (Covelli, Lauro) were instrumental in the creation of the Democrazia Nazionale - Costituente di Destra (DN-CD) , which was founded in 1976 by moderate parts of the MSI-DN and in 1979 rose in the DC .
today
The Alleanza Monarchica merged in 1993 with other, older monarchist groups, the UMI and the FERT , to form the Alleanza Nazionale Monarchica (ANM) . After the MSI-DN in Alleanza Nazionale had renamed the ANM changed its name back to Monarchist Alliance (AM) , to avoid confusion. The AM does not take part in elections, campaigns for a constitutional monarchy and distanced itself from the controversial son of the last Italian king, Vittorio Emanuele . In addition to the Alleanza Monarchica, there are other monarchist organizations in Italy, such as the revived Unione Monarchica Italiana.
See also
Web links
- http://www.alleanza-monarchica.com Alleanza Monarchica