Monopoly group theory

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The monopoly group theory is the Marxist theory according to which the capitalist class splits up into rival groups that have and pursue industry- specific interests.

GDR-Marxist-Leninist theories

The founder of the monopoly group theory was Jürgen Kuczynski , who differentiated between the two groups “ coal- iron- steel ” and “ chemistry - electrical ”. According to his theory, “coal-iron-steel” pursued a reactionary and “chemical-electrical” a more liberal policy. The founding of the Weimar Republic was a victory for “Chemie-Elektro” over “coal-iron-steel”, while the NSDAP was said to have been the mass base of “coal-iron-steel” and the transfer of power to the NSDAP was a victory for this group about "chemistry-electro".

Kurt Gossweiler modified Kuczynski's monopoly group theory by including the banks . For him, in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich , essentially an “Pan-German” fought against an “American” faction. The main representatives of the "American" faction were Fritz Thyssen and Hjalmar Schacht . Dietrich Eichholtz , who follows this model, sees the disempowerment of Schacht and Thyssen as a victory for the “pan-German” over the “American” faction.

Eberhard Czichon , however, advocates his own monopoly group theory for the rise of the NSDAP . For him, the “Nazi industrialists” wanted to overcome the economic crisis with the help of the NSDAP through rapid rearmament and a strict policy of self-sufficiency , while another wing, known as the “ Keynesians ”, wanted a state-controlled economic stimulus.

Son-Rethel's theory

Alfred Sohn-Rethel differentiates the industry in the Weimar Republic into the “ Brüning warehouse” (electrical, chemical, mechanical engineering , major banks) and the warehouse of the “ Harzburg Front ” (steel, mining , construction and concrete industries ) Exception of Krupp ). The first group was then grouped under the name " Export Industry ", and the other group under the catchphrase " Autarky ". According to Sohn-Rethel, both groups were not only interested in the domestic market or only in exports, but both had the international economic struggle in mind, but with different paths and methods. The difference was that the "Brüning camp" was still making profits, while the camp of the "Harzburg Front" was called the "Fronde of lazy debtors" at the time.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Sohn-Rethel : Industry and National Socialism. Notes from the "Central European Business Day" . Edited and introduced by Carl Freytag, Wagenbach, Berlin 1992, passim.

literature

See also