Moskvityanin
The Moskwitjanin ( Russian Москвитя́нин , dt. About "The Moscow") was a Russian scientific-literary magazine that was published in Moscow from 1841 to 1856 by Mikhail Pogodin .
history
It appeared monthly until 1849, then twice a month. Pogodin's employees included SP Shevyrew, II Dawydow, Fyodor Glinka and Vladimir Dal . In the vulgar sociological Soviet literary studies, the magazine became the organ of the large economic bourgeoisie of the 1840s and 1850s and represented the standpoint of the official folk ideology.
In an article in the first issue of the magazine, Shevyrev developed the famous formula that characterizes the era of Nicholas I: " Orthodoxy , autocracy , folkism". This coincided perfectly with the patriotic mood of the business bourgeoisie, who did not even think of harsh criticism of the serf state. The Moskvitean also legitimately opposed German philosophy, which dominated the minds of both the nobility and the emerging democratic intelligentsia.
In the brief period of the editing of Ivan Kirejewski (January to March 1845) an attempt was made to remove Pogodin and Shevyrev from the management of the magazine and to reorient its direction. There were no fundamental differences in the view of the West and Russia between the Muscovityanin's group and the Moscow Slavophiles headed by Alexei Khomyakov , although the latter also criticized the magazine. But in contrast to the Slavophile landowners, who oriented themselves towards the patriarchal peasant devoted to his master, the Muscovite placed his emphasis on the economic bourgeoisie.
Works by Aleksandr Weltman, Pyotr Vyazemsky , Fyodor Glinka , Nikolaj Gogol (Scenes from the Auditor and Rome ), Vladimir Dal , Vasily Zhukovsky , Mikhail Zagoskin, Karolina Pavlova, Nikolai Yasikov and Dmitry Oznobishin were printed in the magazine, as well as the works of famous scientists : Ismail Sreznewskij, Hyacinth Bitschurin , Alexander Hilferding , Iwan Zabelin, Fyodor Buslaew, Iwan Snegirjow.
The orientation of Pogodin was deepened and continued by the members of the "young editorial staff" of the Moskowitjanin, to whom Pogodin handed over the magazine in 1850 and to which, among others, Alexander Ostrowski , Yevgeny Edelson and Terty Filippov belonged. One of the most visible members of this group, Apollon Grigoryev , explained to the Slavophiles:
"Convince like you that the pledge of the future of Russia is only preserved in the classes of Russia who have preserved the faith, customs and language of the fathers, in classes unaffected by the falsehood of civilization, we do not take as such exclusively the peasant class: in the middle class, among entrepreneurs, among the merchants, we mainly see the ancient Rus. "
At the same time it was not the case that the “young editorial staff” had not introduced any new tendencies in the magazine. For example, it succeeded in breaking free to a significant extent from the official folk ideology which Pogodin had completely mastered. At the same time, the magazine's basic tendencies, particularly its negative attitudes towards Westerners , remained unchanged. The magazine printed the works of Iwan Gorbunow, Dmitri Grigorowitsch , Pawel Melniko, Ostrowskij, Alexei Pisemskij, Fyodor Tjuttschew , Jakow Polonski, Afanassi Fet , Nikolai Schcherbina and Lev Mei , as well as translations by Dante , Goethe , George Sand and Walter Scott .
The fiasco of the Crimean War , which uncovered the disintegration of the feudal regime and deepened class antagonisms, made the further idealization of the patriarchy impossible. The Moskvityanin, which was extremely poorly read at the time, was closed in 1856. But at the beginning of the 1860s Apollon Grigoryev, Alexei Pisemskij, Aleksandr Ostrowskij, Evgenij Edelson and other members of their editorial team united around the underground magazines of the brothers Mikhail and Fyodor Dostoyevsky , Wremja and Epocha , and thus led the Slavophile ideas (in a more liberal form) organically further.