Movimiento al Socialismo (Bolivia)

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Movimento al Socialismo
Movimiento al Socialismo.png
Evo Morales 2011.jpg
Party leader Evo Morales
founding 1997
Headquarters La Paz
Alignment Democratic socialism ,
bolivarism

Movimiento al Socialismo ( MAS ; más means "more" in Spanish ) is the name of a left-wing party in Bolivia led by Evo Morales . She provided Evo Morales as President of Bolivia from the end of 2005 until his resignation on November 10, 2019 .

The MAS was born in 1997 from the association of the ASP (Asamblea por la Soberanía de los Pueblos) with various popular political parties and other social organizations, trade unions and neighborhood organizations. Its full name is " Movimiento al Socialismo - Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos " (MAS-IPSP), "Movement towards Socialism - Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples".

history

Event for the 16th anniversary of the MAS-IPSP in Sacaba (2011)

In the first election in 1997 after it was founded, the MAS received 3.9 percent of the vote.

Parliamentary elections 2002

The MAS received strong, also international, attention on the occasion of the Bolivian parliamentary elections in 2002. It received 20.94% of the vote and became the second largest group in parliament. At that time, under the leadership of Evo Morales, it could theoretically have appointed the president through a coalition , which made the result particularly interesting. However, due to differences in content, a coalition was not considered.

Demands made by the MAS in the election year 2002 included a discontinuation, in particular, of the US-supported drug control and the opening up of legal markets for the product coca leaf , which is deeply rooted in Bolivian culture. Another topic in the election campaign was the great dissatisfaction with the changes in the country ascribed to neoliberalism , such as the privatization of state and municipal enterprises. Social measures such as education and health care should be increased dramatically. The government program of the MAS differs significantly from the party program of the ASP. However, this remains as a guide for further developments.

Parliamentary elections 2005

After an extremely restless and bloody transition period, during which no apparent progress could be made apart from the holding of a referendum, the MAS campaigned again in 2005. While the spectrum of parties had become highly fragmented in the meantime, a strong formation of political camps could be observed towards the election date. The election campaign finally culminated in a duel between an anti-American bloc, embodied by Morales, and the neoliberal bloc headed by Jorge Quiroga of the Poder Democrático Social (PODEMOS) alliance .

The 2005 program was based on five pillars:

  • The nationalization of the natural gas industry according to the results of the referendum of 2004 , the nationalization should take place through renegotiation of the previous production concessions and other contracts.
  • Land that is not used for purely speculative reasons should go to the state. This preferably refers to the lands of large agrarians in the fertile lowlands, which have recently been more and more frequently occupied by landless families from the country's plateau.
  • Formation of a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution.
  • Combating corruption and the state structures that enable corruption.
  • Austerity policy in all areas, in favor of education and health for the broad masses.

The MAS emerged as the strongest force in the parliamentary elections with 54%. With Evo Morales , she has now appointed the President of Bolivia, the first indigenous president in the country's 180-year history.

The MAS is not a socialist or even social democratic party with a European character, like the MIR (Movement of the Revolutionary Left), which previously ruled several times and, with Jaime Paz Zamora, was the president of the republic from 1989 to 1993. The MAS, on the other hand, represents an indigenous, popular and also nationalistic socialism and is an opponent of so-called “western” culture, which, on the other hand, represents PODEMOS (conservative to social democratic). Proponents of indigenous ways of life, clearer social and gender roles, a separation of private and public space, traditional medicine, community justice, etc. have their political home at the MAS.

Referendum 2009

On January 25, 2009, a new constitution was passed in Bolivia by referendum. At the same time the name was changed from "República de Bolivia" to "Estado plurinacional de Bolivia" ("Plurinational State of Bolivia"). In Bolivia, the president can only have two terms in a row, but the new constitution and state designation meant that Evo Morales' term from 2009 to 2014 was again the first term, so that he could be re-elected in 2014.

Parliamentary elections 2009

In the 2009 parliamentary elections, MAS received more than 64% of the vote.

General election 2014

In the parliamentary elections in October 2014, MAS received 61.4% of the vote and was again able to win an absolute majority. Morales was elected president for the third time.

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