Muscular imbalance
Under muscle imbalances (imbalance) is meant increased muscle shortening and / or muscle attenuations between agonist (= player) and antagonist (= opponent) by unilateral force development while neglecting their elongation ability. They are caused by insufficient or absent physical exertion, one-sided stress during sport or in everyday life, insufficient regeneration , incorrect execution of movements, but also injuries to the musculoskeletal system .
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| M62.9 | Muscle disease, unspecified |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
The three figures (Klee, 1995) illustrate the state of a muscular balance or a muscular imbalance.
Left: Schematic representation of the state of muscular balance. The antagonistic muscles A and B keep the joint rotatable about the pivot point D in equilibrium due to their shortening ratio.
Middle: Muscular imbalance due to muscle shortening. The muscle B has adapted to a specific stimulus with a higher tension. Muscle A has not been exposed to any stimulus, its tension remains the same. The shortening ratio has changed, the muscular balance is disturbed.
Right: Muscular imbalance due to muscle lengthening. Muscle A has adapted to a specific stimulus with a lower tension. Muscle B has not been exposed to any stimulus, its tension remains the same. The shortening ratio has changed, the muscular balance is disturbed.
The unfavorable load distribution between muscle and joint can later lead to "arthromuscular imbalances" (disturbed joint-muscle relationships). This can lead to painful muscle tension , overloading of the tendons , muscular coordination and functional disorders as well as wear and tear on the articular cartilage . An example of muscular imbalances is the hunched back , caused by weakened back muscles and shortened chest muscles . To prepare a muscle imbalance, where an adequate, is off strength training and stretching existing training program necessary.
The back muscles are one of the tonic muscles (mostly holding work) that tend to shorten. The abdominal muscles are phasic muscles (mostly movement work) that tend to weaken.
See also
literature
- P. Lenhart, W. Seibert: Functional movement training - Recognizing, eliminating and avoiding muscular imbalances. Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich / Jena 2001, ISBN 3-437-46671-2 .
- A. Klee: Muscular Balance. The review of a theory. In: Physical Education. 44 (1995), No. 1, pp. 12-23. ( PDF )
- A. Klee: Methods and Effects of Stretching Training. Lecture on the occasion of the A – Trainer advanced training of the German Tennis Federation. (PDF; 7 MB) - Slides for a scientific lecture. especially slides 12 ff.
- K. Wiemann, A. Klee, M. Stratmann: Filamentary sources of resting muscle tension and the treatment of muscular imbalances. In: German magazine for sports medicine. 44 (1998a), No. 4, pp. 111-118. ( PDF )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alphabetical directory for the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 571
