Dysponesis

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Dysponesis (from the Greek dys = faulty, wrong, and ponos = effort, work, energy) describes the state of chronic, unnatural muscle tension .

definition

According to Whatmore (1979), dysponesis is a reversible pathological condition due to errors in energy consumption that adversely affects the nervous system and the control of organ functions. Dysponesis is related to physical, emotional and mental reactions to stress with the result that defective nerve impulses ( action potentials ) are conducted from the motor and premotor cortex neurons via the pyramidal and extrapyramidal nerve pathways to the peripheral muscles .

Effects

On the one hand, dysponesis represents a safety mechanism at the beginning of the so-called fight-or-flight mechanism, on the other hand it arises from itself, as a reaction to stress , illness or pain . Chronic muscle tension intensifies an already existing pain and leads in a vicious circle to further tension, which in turn leads to further pain, such as B. headache , backache and bad posture .

Children also express emotional, psychological and physical difficulties through increased muscular tension. The more stressors , the greater the tension. It has been shown that anxiety and fear increase muscular tension and that this has an impact on the retrieval of known knowledge in school children. Even if the anxiety-inducing stressors disappear, shoulders, face and neck remain cramped. Over time, this reaction develops into a kind of emotional and muscular defensive stance and stabilizes as a habitual behavioral reaction of the child. This tension is also unconsciously present in other situations that have nothing to do with the original fear triggers.

Dysponesis can be counteracted by relaxation techniques , such as the Alexander technique , autogenic training , biofeedback , Feldenkrais method , vitamins or zilgrei .

See also

literature

  • Ingrid Pirker-Binder, “Biofeedback in Practice” , Volume 1 Children, 2006, Springer-Verlag Vienna / New York, ISBN 3-211-29190-3
  • Ingrid Pirker-Binder, “Biofeedback in Practice” , Volume 2 Adults, 2008, Springer-Verlag Vienna / New York, ISBN 3-211-29191-1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Whatmore et al. (1979): Dysponesis: a neurophysiologic factor in functional disorders. In: E. Peper et al. (eds): Mind / body integration. Essential readings in biofeedback , plenum Press, New York, pp. 379-410. doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4613-2898-8_34 . PMID 4231964 .
  2. ↑ Dysponesis - Chronic, unnatural muscle tension . In: Biofeedback in Practice pp. 161-167. doi : 10.1007 / 3-211-29422-8_11
  3. ↑ C. Evans (2002): The effects of anxiety on long term semantic memory in children an the role that anxiety plays on the retention and retrieval of school-related information. University of Denver