Interest penny

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Elector Friedrich III. with Johann and Duke Albrecht , Zinsgroschen (14) 96, Mmz. six-pointed star, Leipzig Mint
Elector Friedrich III. with Johann and Duke Albrecht, interest groschen 1498, Mmz. five-pointed star, Schneeberg Mint

Zinsgroschen , Mutgroschen ( Muthgroschen ), Mittelgroschen or Schneeberger are the names of the Saxon groschen coins minted from 1496 onwards, with which certain taxes (interest) were paid. This new type of penny with the helmeted Kurschild with the Thuringian ornament standing straight or at an angle on the front and the Saxon diamond shield with the Saxon ornament and the inscription GROSSVS NOVVS DVCUM SAXONIE (written out), translated: New penny of the dukes of Saxony , was minted for 3½ decades and was the model for the groschen of the 16th century. Most of the groschen were struck in the Schneeberg and Leipzig mints . Later they also minted the Freiberg , Annaberg and Buchholz mints .

Names of pennies

Originally, the official name of the Zinsgroschen was courage, derived from muten (seek, apply). Who the Mining Authority presumption lodged had a dime Mutgebühren, the Mutgroschen to pay. "Mutgroschen" later became "Zinsgroschen" and "Schneeberger" or, in dialect, "Schnieber". This is due to the fact that the large number of interest groschen struck in the Schneeberg Mint in 1496 were made from the large silver finds in the Schneeberg . Even when the other Saxon mints later coined this denomination , the popular name persisted.

antiquity

Tiberius . Denarius AD 14 to 37, probably a so-called Bible pfennig or interest groschen, a poll tax that Jews had to pay as subjects of the Roman Empire .

The origin of the name Zinsgroschen can possibly be traced back to Luther's translation of the New Testament (cf. Mt 22:19  LUT , parable of the Zinsgroschen). A medal by the medalists DÖLL and LOOS around 1800 shows Christ in conversation with the Pharisees about the interest penny.

The 30 pieces of silver (also known as interest groschen), for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Christ, could in reality have been Roman denarii :

[…] A forgery (of the silver piece for which Judas betrayed Christ) bears the inscription imago Caesaris in letters from the 15th century. A picture attributed to Lucas van Leyden , however, shows the so-called Görlitz shekel under the passion device as a silver coin. In reality, the 30 pages could have been Roman denarii or tetradrachms from Tire or Antiochaia (Syr.).

The Görlitz Shekel are imitations of Jewish Shekel .

Beard groschen and interest groschen

Elector Friedrich III., Johann and Duke Georg, beard groschen 1492, Mmz. Kleeblatt, Zwickau and Schneeberg (Krug 1878)
Elector Friedrich III. with Johann and Duke Georg , Zinsgroschen o. J. (1507 to 1511), Mmz. Lily, Freiberg Mint

The 1492 in the "Bergmünzstätten" Schneeberg to 1493 Zwickau defeated Bart pence to 21 pence on the Rhine guilders , like the embossed from 1496 new Schneeberger dime, are tribute money. 90 pieces were struck from the 8-lot (= 0.500 f.) Erfurt mint mark . The bearded groschen with the bearded bust of Elector Friedrich III. (1486–1542) are the first Saxon coins with the portrait of the regent. At the same time, the title Elector appears in abbreviated form for the first time. Since 1496 in Leipzig and then particularly in Schneeberg in large amounts to 21 pieces on the gold florins coined Zinsgroschen and from 1498 coined in the mint Annaberg Schreckenberger worth three Zinsgroschen preparing introduced from 1500 silver guilder currency served. The trade had to be supplied with the appropriate amount of small coins beforehand. There is no reliable information about when the interest penny was paid out for the first time. It was not until the Coin Regulations of July 9, 1498 that the standard was named as 88 pieces from the Erfurt mark.

According to the Saxon coinage system of 1500, the gross weight of the interest penny was 2.66 g and the fineness was 7  Lot , 13  Grän = 482.24 ‰. In the Saxon coin system of the new guilder currency:

1 interest groschen = 1 ⁄ 21  gulden = ⅓ Schreckenberger = 2 sword groschen = 12 pfennigs = 24  hellers .

See also

literature

  • Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1974, p. 90
  • Gerhard Krug: The Meissnian-Saxon Groschen 1338–1500 , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1974
  • Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatics , Umschau, Berlin 1976, ISBN 978-3524005980
  • Friedrich von Schrötter (ed.), With N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer , J. Wilcke: Dictionary of Coin Studies , de Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930), ISBN 978-3110012279
  • Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 , in: Swiss numismatic Rundschau, Volume 59, 1980, pp. 50–94

Web links

Commons : Zinsgroschen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde , Berlin 1974, p. 90
  2. ↑ Helmut Kahnt: Das große Münzlexikon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 534
  3. ^ Gerhard Krug: The Meissnisch-Saxon Groschen 1338–1500 , Berlin 1974, p. 102
  4. ↑ See also Reinhard Breymayer : Zur Pragmatik des Bild. Semiotic observations on the argument Mk 12, 13-17 ("Der Zinsgroschen") taking into account game theory. In: Linguistica Biblica. Interdisciplinary Journal for Theology and Linguistics , Issue 13/14 (1972), pp. 19–51.
  5. ↑ mcsearch.info: Silver medal undated (around 1800) (Döll / Loos), signed LOOS. "Zinsgroschen" in antiquity .
  6. ^ Friedrich von Schrötter, N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer, J. Wilcke: Dictionary der Münzkunde , Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930) p. 636
  7. ↑ mcsearch.info: Görlitzer Shekel
  8. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde , Berlin 1974, p. 89
  9. ^ Gerhard Krug: The Meissnisch-Saxon Groschen 1338–1500 , Berlin 1974, p. 101
  10. ↑ mcsearch.info: Friedrich III., Johann and Georg, the deputy Albrecht (1492–1493), beard groschen 1492. Half-length portrait in spa regalia and with shouldered Kurschwert to the right. The beard groschen from 1492 are the first Saxon coins with the portrait of the regent.
  11. ^ A b Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 , Swiss Numismatic Rundschau, Volume 59, 1980, p. 58