Original parish
The term original parish (also old parish , large parish , mother church or original church ) describes the first ecclesiastical centers created in rural areas in the course of Christianization .
The term original parish, introduced by historians at the beginning of the 20th century, means that the parish in question belongs to the oldest layers of the parish network of the respective diocese . The parish of the original parish was extensive, it had the right of baptism and sepulture (burial right), its patronage indicates a great age, and younger parishes were parished from it (daughter churches, branches). In addition to the time when the church was founded, information about the occasion of the foundation and the respective church founder is provided.
history
The early church in Western Europe was initially widespread in the cities where bishops represented church affairs and took care of pastoral care and church administration. With the advancing Christianization and the penetration of the mission into the rural areas of the areas of the Alemanni , Thuringians , Bavaria and Saxony , which were incorporated into the Franconian Empire , further development of the church's organizational structures became necessary. The establishment of the dioceses was soon followed by the division of the surrounding country into parish clusters, more or less independent centers that were headed by priests on behalf of the bishop. The Latin term for parish, "parochia", has appeared for this since the 6th century; modern research coined the term original parish for it .
The districts of these original parishes were roughly identical to those of the Zentgerichte or Gogerichte and usually comprised an approximately circular area with a radius of 15 km and more. As this meant a day's march to worship for the marginal residents, a downsizing of the districts soon became inevitable. Starting from the original parishes, so-called parent churches were increasingly founded in the course of time; whose founding time was completed around 900. In the further course, numerous subsidiary churches were established and thus - as well as through the foundation of numerous own churches by nobles, counts, dukes and kings - the pastoral care of the rural population was improved.
It was not until the 12th century, as part of the high medieval development of the Germania Slavica , that it became common for each village to have its own church (initially made of wood, later of stone ).
literature
- Hermann Lauer : Urmarken und Pfarrorganisation , in: ders .: Church history of the Baar and the Black Forest, which once belonged to the Landgraviate of Baar . 2nd edition Donaueschingen 1928, pp. 43–50.
- Eugen Haberkern, Joseph Friedrich Wallach: Urpfarrei , in: dies .: auxiliary dictionary for historians. Middle Ages and Modern Times. Second part: L – Z (= Uni-Taschenbücher, Vol. 120). 7th edition Tübingen 1987. ( ISBN 3-7720-1293-0 ), p. 632.
- Wolfgang Petke : Urpfarrei and Pfarreinetz, about two concepts of parish research, in: Stefan Pätzold (among others): Pro cura animarum. Medieval parishes and parish churches on the Rhine and Ruhr , Siegburg 2016, pp. 27–44.
Individual evidence
- ^ Eugen Haberkern, Joseph Friedrich Wallach: Urpfarrei , in: dies .: auxiliary dictionary for historians. Middle Ages and Modern Times. Second part: L – Z (= Uni-Taschenbücher, Vol. 120). 7th edition Tübingen 1987, p. 632
- ↑ Hermann Lauer: Urmarken and parish organization , in: ibid .: church history of Baar and the once belonging to Landgraviate Baar Black Forest . 2nd edition Donaueschingen 1928, pp. 43–50
- ↑ Stefan Pätzold: Mission Chapel, original parish or royal own church . In: Nathalie Kruppa (Ed.): Parishes in the Middle Ages , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 9783525358924 , p. 170, definition according to Wolfgang Petke.
- ↑ http://www.christen-am-rhein.de/erzbistum/archiv/christenamrhein/glaube/h_pfarrei.html