Annazids
The Annazids or Banu Annaz ( Arabic عنازيون, DMG ʿAnnāziyūn orبنو عناز Banū ʿAnnāz ; 990 - 1116 ) were a Kurdish dynasty thatruledover what is now the border region between Iran and Iraq . The area included Kermanshah , Ilam , Hulvan , and Dinawar in what is now western Iran and Shahrazor , Daquq , Daskara , Bandanijin ( Mandali ) and Numaniyya in what is now southeastern Iraq. According to the Kurdish history book Scherefname , the name of the dynasty was Ayyar and not Annaz.
Abu 'l-Fath Muhammad ibn Annaz
Abul-Fath Mohammad bin Annaz (ruled 990-1011) was the founder of the Annazid dynasty and ruled Hulvan. Political conflicts during his 20-year rule led to clashes in the west with the Uqailids , of whom he temporarily captured Daquq in 998, and with the Mazyadids as well as a campaign against Zahman bin Hendi, ruler of Chanaqin , whose family he eliminated in 999. In the east there was fierce competition with the Kurdish Hasanwayhids , to whom he was related through marriage. In 1006, Badr bin Hasanwaih, with the help of the Mazyadid Ali, dispatched 10,000 men against Abul-Fath, who had to seek refuge in Baghdad together with the Buyid governor Amid al-Juyush Abu Ali al-Hasan. In a treaty between the Kurdish dynasties, Abul-Fath declared himself a vassal of the Hasanwayhids.
Abu 'sh-shaw Faris ibn Muhammad
Hosam-al-Dawla Abul-Shawk (ruled 1011-1046) was the son of Abul-Fath Annazs. His 36-year reign was filled with both internal and external struggles. As a result, his authority reached maximally as far as Hilla or shrank to a small area in what is now western Iran. He began his rule by stopping an attack from the new Buyid vizier Fachr al-Mulk, but was forced to retreat to Hulvan until a reconciliation was reached. In 1029 he managed to defeat Shams ad-Daula and stop the Seljuk Turks after they had captured Hamadan and attacked Dinawar and Asadabad. In the same year Abul-Shawk defeated the Uqailids and took Daquq. In 1038/1039 he conquered Kermanshah and captured its ruler, a Quhid Kurd. In 1040 his son Abul-Fath Abul-Shawk tried to conquer areas of Mohalhel, but was defeated and captured. Mohalhel secured the help of the Kakuyid ruler Ala al-Daula of Hamadan and conquered Dinawar, Kermanshah and other areas. Relations between Abul-Shawk and Mohalhel improved with the intervention of Jalal ad-Daula, but Mohalhel's refusal to release Abul-Fath bin Shawk led to new hostilities in 1040 and 1042. Abul-Shawk failed to get his son free who died in captivity. In a second campaign (1042) Mohalhel caused great damage to the city of Sanandaj .
In 1045 the Seljuk Tughrul Beg planned to conquer the Annazid territories. During his campaign, the Kurdish ruler of Hamadan fled and Abul-Shawk withdrew from Dinawar to Kermanshah and from there to the fortress Sirwan on the Diyala River , where many Kurds gathered around him. The Annazids were unable to stop the advance of the Turks, who captured Hulvan and Mahidasht and attacked Chanaqin. Abul-Shawk died in Sirwan Fortress in April 1046. His followers gathered around Mohalhel.
Muhalhil ibn Muhammad
The battle between rival Annazids continued even during Mohalhel's reign, particularly when Sa'di bin Abul-Shawk and Tughrul Beg's half-brother Ibrahim Inal turned against his uncle. Inal took Hulvan in 1046 in the name of the Hasanwayhid ruler Badr bin Taher bin Helal. After four years of striving for a reconciliation between the Annazids and Seljuks, Mohalhel met in 1050 with Tughrul Beg, who strengthened his rule over Sirwan, Daquq, Shahrazor and Samagan and released his brother Socrab.
Decline of the dynasty
A decline in power can be observed over several generations. The last mention of an Annazid ruler was in the second half of the 12th century when Socrab bin Annaz became the ruler of Lorestan . According to the historiographer Ibn al-Athir and the Scheref name , the Annazid era lasted 130 years.
Ruler list
| Surname | Domination | comment |
| Abul-Fath Mohammad bin Annaz | 991-1011 | |
| Husam al-Dawla Abu'l Shawk Faris ibn Muhammad | 1011-1046 | |
| Muhalhil ibn Muhammad | 1011-1055 | In Shahrazor |
| Surkhab I. ibn Muhammad | 1011-1046 | In Bandanijin |
| Sa'idi ibn Faris | 1050-1055 | Temporary rule |
| Surkhab II. Ibn Badr | ? -1107 | |
| Abu Mansur ibn Surkhab | 1107-? | |
| Surkhab III. ibn Annaz | late 1100s |
swell
- Şerefhan : Scheref name
- Annazids . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)