Shahrazor
Schahrazor is the name of a landscape in Kurdistan in the border area of Iran and Iraq . It lies west of the Hawraman Mountains and is about 60 by 40 km in size.
Throughout history, Shahrazor was a Sassanid district, a Kurdish kingdom, an Ottoman vilayet, and finally a sanjak of the vilayets of Mosul .
The plain of Shahrazor is a sacred and blessed area for the Ahl-e Haqq . According to their belief, God will descend there on Judgment Day .
etymology
The name Schahrazor ( Ottoman شهرزور Şehr-i Zor ; also: Schahr-a Zor , Sherizor , Sharazor) consists of two words: Schar or Schahr for country, region or city and Zor , which has different meanings such as strength , difficulty , too much and generosity and perhaps the Arabic form of the word Jor ( above) is. According to Yaqut al-Hamawi ar-Rumi , a 12th century geographer, the word Zor comes from the son of Zahak named Zor, who is said to have founded this city. It is worth noting that ancient legends see the Kurds as descendants of the people from the Kingdom of Zahaks.
history
The presence of many tumuli and tells testifies to the long history of Sharazor. In Assyrian times the kingdom of Zamua was probably located here .
Sassanid period
Schahrazor and his king Yazdan Kard are mentioned in the Karnamak-e Ardaschir of the first Sassanid king Ardaschir I and also in an inscription by Narseh in Garmian. In the 4th century, some residents of Shahrazor who had converted to Christianity were sentenced to death by the Sassanids. Bishop Schahdost Schahrazori and his 128 followers were among the victims.
In 627, Shahrazor was invaded by Emperor Herakleios and remained under Byzantine rule until 639 .
Arab conquest
In 642, Shahrazor witnessed a great battle between the residents and invading Arab Muslims who wanted to conquer the Sassanid Empire. Despite great losses, the Arabs took Shahrazor in 643.
In the classical context, and especially under the Sassanids, the Shahrazor region comprised today's Iraqi governorates as-Sulaimaniyya , Kirkuk and parts of Diyala . The capital was Shahrazor, which was located near Sulaymaniyah .
Local dynasties
It is reported that there was a Kurdish principality in the region between the 11th and 16th centuries . Its capital was Yassin Tepe .
According to Yaqut al-Hamawi ar-Rumi, the Shahrazor region was between Erbil in the west and Hamadan in the east, and comprised many cities, towns and villages. He says that the residents are all Kurds who are rebellious against the Sultan and rule their territory themselves.
Shahrazor was the first capital of Ardalan . The region later came under the rule of the Baban principality , which was an important medieval principality.
Ottoman time
Around the 16th century, the Eyâlet Schahrazor with Kirkuk as its center became part of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Suleyman I. The Eyâlet consisted of the three present-day Iraqi governorates as-Sulaimaniyya, Kirkuk and Erbil.
In 1879 the area around Sulaimaniyya was separated from the Vilayet Shahrazor and the rest as a sanjak part of the Vilayets Mosul. In 1894, the capital of the sanjak was renamed Kirkuk to avoid confusion with the sanjak Zor des Vilayets Aleppo .
Iraqi rule
In the 20th century, the Iraqi government formed the Kirkuk Governorate, which only included the region around Kirkuk, excluding Erbil and Sulaimaniyya. Under the Baathre regime, the Kirkuk governorate was Arabized and Saddam Hussein separated Kurdish-inhabited cities from the governorate. He changes the name of the governorate to At-Ta'mīm, which means something like state property.
Modern shahrazor
In today's usage, Shahrazor refers to the plain of Halabja between Sulaimaniyya and Darbandichan . Under the Sassanids, the Shahrazor region did not coincide with the present-day Erbil and Kirkuk governorates. At the time it was one of the five provinces of the Medes satrapy .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Emeri van Donzel: Islamic Desk Reference. ISBN 90-04-09738-4 , p. 408.
- ↑ a b Yaqut al-Hamawi ar-Rumi: Mu'djam al-buldān In: Jacut's Geographical Dictionary. Volume 3, pp. 425-427.
- ↑ The Kârnâmag î Ardashîr î Babagân, The Book of Deeds of Ardashir Son of Babag, Chapter VI Online version in English
- ^ SS Gavan: Kurdistan: Divided Nation of the Middle East. P. 10; 1958.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica : A New Survey of Universal Knowledge - p. 521, by Walter Yust; 1951
- ↑ James Rives Childs: The Pageant of Persia: A Record of Travel by Motor in Persia . The Bobbs-Merrill company, 1936, p. 253