Ardalan

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The Principality of Ardalan compared to today's Kurdistan Province
Kurdish states 1835.png

Ardalan or Erdelan was a semi-autonomous Kurdish principality in the northwest of what is now Iran . The area roughly coincides with the Iranian province of Kurdistan . The principality existed from the Middle Ages to the middle of the 19th century. The capital was Sanandaj . The Kurdish Eşiret des Bani Ardalan founded the principality and ruled the area to the end.

After Şerefhan , the founder of the principality was called Bawa Ardalan . Şerefhan claims that this is a descendant of the Marwanids . Bawa Ardalan lived in Iran for a time under the Gorani Kurds and soon gained control of the Shahr-a Zor region . Around the 14th century, the Ardalans took control of Sanandaj. The areas of Zardiawa (Karadagh), Chanaqin , Kirkuk and Kifri were part of their dominion .

The principality was independent for a while until it was incorporated into their empire by the Safavids . As a border region between the Safavids and the Ottomans , the importance of the principality for the Safavids was high. The principality often had clashes with the Kurdish Baban principality in Silemani . The Baban Principality lay on Ottoman soil in what is now northeast Iraq . The Shah Nāser ad-Din Shah from the Qajar dynasty ended the rule of the Ardalan by lifting the status of the principality in 1867 and installing his uncle Farhad Mirza Mo'tamad-al-Dawla as ruler.

The Gorani, which was also important as the liturgical language of the Ahl-e Haqq , became the cultural language of the principality . Over the centuries the Gorani became more important in the region. Some great poets were Bawa Yadigar, Yal-Bagi Jaff, and Khan Almas Khani Luristani.

Ruler of the Ardalan

  1. Bawa Ardalan (14th century)
  2. Timur Khan Ardalan
  3. Hilo Khan
  4. Khan Ahmad Khan
  5. Suleyman Khan (renovated the fortress of Sanandasch)
  6. Sobhanverdi Khan
  7. Ahmad Khan (son of Sobhanverdi Khan) (became governor of the area from Hamadan to Mosul )
  8. Khosrow Khan Bozorgi (1754–1788)
  9. Aman-Allah Khan Bozorgi (1799–1825) (last important ruler of the Ardalan)

Sources and web links