Gorani
| Gorani | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Iraq and Iran | |
| speaker | 500,000 | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
ira |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
hac |
|
Gorani or Gûranî ( Kurdish / gûrani: Hewramî) is a north-west Iranian language that, together with Zaza, forms the genetic subgroup Zaza-Gorani . Gorani is spoken by around 500,000 people in Iraq and Iran . Many speakers of this language belong to the Ahl-e Haqq religious community .
Surname
The speakers themselves do not know the name Gûrani, which western linguists invented for Hewramî. They call their language machû ( Eng .: I say), kordî or hewramî . The term Goran / Gûran is ambiguous; On the one hand it is a term for a farmer or a detribalized Kurd from the lower class, on the other hand it denotes a tribe that is widespread in Kurdistan and is reminiscent of the word Goranî , which stands for “song” in Kurdish.
Displacement of the Gorani by the Sorani
From the 14th century onwards, considerable poetry was written in Gorani at the prince's court of Ardalan , and it spread throughout the southeast of the Kurdish language area. Gorani was used by many speakers in Iran and Iraq until the 19th century, but later it was more and more superseded by Sorani. Today Gorani is predominantly spoken by the Ahl-e Haqq.
Linguistic remarks
Like Kurmanji and Zazaic, Gorani has a two-kosusflexion . Like Zaza, it still has the two genera masculine and feminine. In contrast to Kurmanji, Zazaisch and Sorani, the Gorani has been relatively little researched. All Kurdish languages are characterized by ergativity .
Gorani writings
The most important Gorani writings are:
- Shîrîn u Xusrew (874 pages) by Xanay Qûbadi (1700–1759). It was published in Baghdad in 1975.
- Divan (789 pages) from the 19th century by the poet Feqe Qadiri Hemewend .
- The Koran in Gorani from the 19th century by Haci Nuri Eli Ilahi (Nuri Eli Shah).
Individual evidence
literature
- Blau, Joyce: Gurani et Zaza ; in: Rüdiger Schmitt (Ed.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum ; Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 1989; ISBN 3-88226-413-6 .
- Karl Hadank: dialects of the Guran ; Berlin 1930.
Web links
- Michiel Leezenberg: Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? (pdf; 56 kB)
- Amir Hassanpour: The Identity of Hewrami Speakers
- Goranite (Nashinci) (Bg.)