Hasanwayhiden
The Hasanwayhids ( Arabic آل حسنويه, DMG Āl Ḥasanwaih ) or Hasanuyiden ( Persian آل حسنويه Āl-i Ḥasanūya ) were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled in the 10th and 11th centuries in the border area between what is now Iraq and Iran . At times they were under the supremacy of the Buyids .
The rule of the Muslim Hasanwayhids was founded around 950 in the area of Kirmanschah (then Qarmisin) in the west of the Jibal (the ancient media ) by the Emir Abu l-Fawaris Hasanwayh ibn Husain from the Eşiret of the Barzikani. Hasawayh built the mountain fortress Sarmadsch and was able to expand his domain in an alliance with the Buyids to the neighboring Kurdish tribes.
The territory of the dynasty expanded over time to include the cities of Shahrazor , Dinawar , Hamadan and Nahavand . During the reign of Badr b. Hasanwayh (ruled 980-1014), the most important Hasanwayhiden, the dynasty was even able to expand its territory to Ahwaz in Khuzestan , Borudscherd in Lorestan and Asadabad. Badr was installed by the Buyids Adud ad-Daula and was able to maintain his power after his death through a rocking policy between the Buyids of the Djibal and those of Arab Iraq.
Around the year 1000 the Hasanwayhids came into conflict with the neighboring, also Kurdish Annazids . In 1014 the latter conquered the Hasanwayhiden area; Badr (II.) Ibn Tahir ruled Kirmanschah as governor of the Seljuks before the Annazids drove him from here. The dynasty ended after the death of the last ruler in 1121.
Nasir ad-Din wa-d-Daula Abu n-Nadschm Badr (I.) ibn Hasanwayh, who had coins minted with his name, is known as an extraordinary benefactor and great builder. Among other things, he had numerous mosques, inns, bridges and cisterns built, of which several inscriptions testify to this day.
Ibn al-Jschauzī, for example, wrote about the Kurdish prince Badr:
“Every Friday he gave 10,000 dirhams as alms to the weak and widows and 3,000 dinars a year to the shoemakers between Hamadan and Baghdad , so that they could fix the shoes of the Mecca pilgrims who interrupted their journey here (free of charge). He paid 20,000 dirhams a month for shrouds (made available to the needy). He had bridges built and 3000 new mosques and hostels for foreigners built in his territory. There was no water source he could pass without starting a village with her. He used to donate 100,000 dinars every year for the benefit of the inhabitants of the two holy places ( Mecca and Medina ) and for guarding the pilgrimage route. He bore the costs of building workshops, cleaning wells and putting up food supplies on travel routes and subsidized residents of rest areas. In the two holy places, to Kufa and Baghdad, he sent money among local Sharif , lawyers and Koranrezitatoren was distributed among the poor and the prestigious families. "
Ruler list
- Hasanwaih ibn Husain (ruled approx. 950–980)
- Badr ibn Hasanwaih (r. 980-1014)
- Hilal ibn Badr (r. 914)
- Tahir ibn Hilal (ruled 914–915, previously in Shahrazor)
- Badr ibn Tahir
From here the rule within the Eşirets changed to another family
- Eb'ü'l-feth bin Iyar
- Eb'ü's Sevk Muhammed bin Iyar
- Mühelhel
- Surxab bin Muhammed
- Sadi bin Eb'ü's Sevk
- Surxab bin Bedir bin Mühelhel
- Eb'ü'l Mansur
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ibn al-Ǧauzī, Abu ʼl-Faraǧ ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān b. 'Alī: al-Muntaẓam fī ta'rīḫ al-Muluk wa-'l-Umam , ed Muhammad Abd al-Qādir'Ata / Mustafa Abd al-Qādir'Ata, Beirut 1992-1993, Vol XV, p.105...
literature
- Encyclopaedia of Islam , Vol. III (1971), p. 258, article "Ḥasanwayh" by Claude Cahen (online version: doi : 10.1163 / 1573-3912_islam_SIM_2781 ).