Ibn al-Jschauzī

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Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn ʿAlī Ibn al-Jschauzī ( Arabic ابو الفرج عبد الرحمان بن علي ابن الجوزي, DMG Abū l-Faraǧ ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī Ibn al-Ǧauzī ; *  1114 - 1116 in Baghdad ; † June 16, 1201 ibid) was an extremely productive Hanbali polymath and preacher . He has written several hundred Arabic works on subjects as diverse as the Koran , Hadith , Fiqh , sermons , medicine , literature and language, geography, history and storytelling, although not all of them have survived.

Life

Ibn al-Jschauzī came from a wealthy family of coppersmiths who considered themselves descendants of Abū Bakr . His father died when he was three years old. An uncle on his mother's side, the Hanbali scholar Abū l-Fadl Muhammad ibn Nāsir (d. 1155), took care of him, taught him in the Musnad of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and instructed him to teach various teachers in the Koran and hadith studies. Among his numerous teachers was the very old and versatile scholar Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Bāqī (d. 1143), called Qāḍī l-Māristān . He was also influenced by other scholars whose works he had read without meeting them personally, such as Abū Nuʿaim and the Hanbali thinker Ibn ʿAqīl .

Ibn al-Jschauzī began his own career as a scholar around 1150. He was one of the Hanbali scholars who were particularly strongly promoted under the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtafī (r. 1136–1160), and stood with Ibn Hubaira, the vizier of this caliph , in close contact. He held a sermon session every Friday at Ibn Hubaira's house. After al-Mustanjid (ruled 1160-70) came to power, he was given the leadership of two madrasas in Baghdad. In addition, Ibn al-Jawzī was given permission to preach sermons in the palace mosque. In his sermons that Ibn al-Jawzī gave there, he defended the Sunnah and criticized the legal scholars for what he saw as too strong a madhhab bond.

The next caliph al-Mustadī ' (r. 1170-1180) also supported the Hanbalites, which Ibn al-Jschauzī benefited from. When Saladin in Cairo restored the Chutba for the Abbasids in 1171/2 , the Ibn al- Jschauzī celebrated this with its own script, the Kitāb an-Naṣr ʿalā Miṣr ("Book of Victory over Egypt"). In another pamphlet with the title al-Miṣbāḥ al-muḍīʾ fī daulat al-Mustaḍīʾ he praised the rule of the caliph al-Mustadī '. Ibn al-Jschauzī received quasi inquisitorial power under this ruler and had the right to hold the Friday sermons in the mosque belonging to the palace. He experienced the height of his power in 1178/19 when he was director of five madrasa colleges. However, he achieved the greatest impact through his rousing speeches and sermons. He preached not only in the mosque but also in convents at home and in the street.

Al-Mustadīs successor, an-Nāsir li-Dīn Alāh (r. 1180-1225), in turn changed the religious policy, whereby Ibn al-Jschauzī gradually lost his powerful position. The Andalusian traveler Ibn Jubair heard him preach to the caliph and his harem in the courtyard of the caliph's palace in 1185 . After Ibn al-Jschauzī was placed under house arrest in the eastern Iraqi city of Wasit in 1194, he had little influence on the fate of the country. It was not until 1199, after the intervention of the caliph's mother, that he was able to return to Baghdad. He died on Ramadan 12, 597 (= June 16, 1201) in Baghdad and was buried at the Harb Gate.

Works

Ibn al-Jschauzīs activity as a writer extended to all areas of knowledge, with the exception of grammar, dogmatics and the exact sciences . Most of the time, however, his works are compilations . The following works should be mentioned as an insight into his work:

  • Al-Muntaẓam fī taʾrīḫ al-mulūk wa-l-umam ("Orderly listing of the history of rulers and peoples"), world chronicle in 18 volumes.
  • Zād al-masīr fī ʿilm at-tafsīr ("travel provisions for the science of Koran exegesis").
  • Ṣifat aṣ-ṣafwa ("The quality of selection") a Sufik story based on the work Ḥilyat al-Auliyāʾ by Abū Nuʿaim al-Isfahānī (d. 1038).
  • Talbīs Iblīs ("The seduction / falsification of the devil"), treatise in which he polemically deals with other theological and religious directions of Islam, especially with various Sufis .
  • Kitāb Aḥkām an-nisāʾ ("Book of Instructions for Women").
  • Kitāb al-Mauḍūʿāt . Collection of made-up hadiths . Ed. ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Muḥammad ʿUṯmān. 3 vols. Medina 1966 ( digitized version ).
  • Liftat al-kabid fī nasīḥat al-walad , admonitions to one's own son with autobiographical passages. Various modern print editions exist ( digitized version of the Ismailiyya 1991 edition ).
  • Aṭ-Ṭibb ar-Rūḥānī ("The spiritual medicine"), translated into German under the title "The education of the soul", ISBN 978-3944062112 .
  • Al-Mudhiš (“The Amazing”), encyclopedic work on the Koran, Hadith and linguistics as a basis for sermons.

Ibn al-Jschauzī also wrote a treatise on al-Kidr in which he opposed the belief in its continued existence. However, this treatise is only preserved through quotations in the works of later Arab authors.

literature

Arabic sources
Secondary literature
  • Carl Brockelmann : History of Arabic Literature. Leiden 1937–1949. Vol. I² pp. 659-666. Supplement vol. I, pp. 914-920.
  • Michael Fisch : The woman is a person with legal capacity like the man. It is a woman's (like a man's) duty to seek knowledge. Abû Al-Faradj Ibn al-Djauzi's "Book of Instructions for Women" . In: Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Germanistik 2 (2012) pp. 5–12, and in Ders .: See man is truly lost. Contributions to Quran and Islam research (2011–2019). Berlin: Weidler 2019, pp. 187-194, ISBN 978-3-89693-741-4
  • Angelika Hartmann : Islamic preaching in the Middle Ages. Ibn al-Ǧauzī and his' book of concluding speeches (1186 AD) in: Saeculum 38 (1987), pp. 336-366.
  • Angelika Hartmann: "Les ambivalences d'un sermonnaire ḥanbalite. Ibn al-Ǧawzī (m. En 597/1201), sa carrière et son ouvrage autographe, le Kitāb al-Ḫawātīm" in Annales islamologiques 22 (1987) 51-115. Digitized
  • Henri Laoust : "Ibn al- Dj awzī" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. III, pp. 751a-752a.
  • Stefan Leder: Ibn al-Ǧauzī and his compilation against passion. The traditionalist in learned tradition and original teaching . Beirut 1984. Digitized
  • Merlin Swartz: Ibn al-Jawzi's Kitāb al-quṣṣāṣ wa-'l-mudhakkirīn . Dar el-Machreq, Beirut, 1986.
  • Merlin Swartz: A medieval critique of anthropomorphism: Ibn al-Jawzī's Kitāb akhbār aṣ-ṣifāt; a critical edition of the Arabic text with translation . Brill, Leiden, 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. 1943, Vol. I, p. 659.
  2. ↑ See Leder: Ibn al-Ǧauzī and his compilation against passion. 1984, p. 65.
  3. ↑ See Leder: Ibn al-Ǧauzī and his compilation against passion. 1984, p. 109.
  4. ↑ Laoust: "Ibn al- Dj awzī" in EI² Vol. III, S, 751a.
  5. ↑ Laoust: "Ibn al- Dj awzī" in EI² Vol. III, S, 751a.
  6. ↑ Laoust: "Ibn al- Dj awzī" in EI² Vol. III, S, 751.
  7. ↑ Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. 1943, Vol. I, p. 660.
  8. ↑ Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. 1943, Vol. I, p. 660.
  9. ↑ Laoust: "Ibn al- Dj awzī" in EI² Vol. III, S, 751-752.
  10. ↑ Ibn Ḫallikān: Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ az-zamān . French Transl. 1843, p. 98.
  11. ↑ Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. 1943, Vol. I, p. 660.
  12. ↑ See the German translation by Hannelies Koloska, published in 2009 by Insel-Verlag.
  13. ↑ Brockelmann: History of the Arabic literature. 1943, Vol. I, p. 659, Suppl.-Vol. I, p. 914.
personal data
SURNAME Ibn al-Jschauzī
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī Abū l-Faraj
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hanbali polyhistor and preacher
DATE OF BIRTH 1116
PLACE OF BIRTH Baghdad
DATE OF DEATH June 16, 1201
Place of death Baghdad