NMBS / SNCB series 36
| NMBS / SNCB series 36 | |
|---|---|
 Class 36 locomotive as class Ф л in Russia
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| Numbering: | 4365–4500 and 4348–4364 (until 1931), 3600–3692 (until 1945), 36.001–36.093 (from 1946) |
| Number: | 136 (first series), 17 (replicas) |
| Manufacturer: | Haine-Saint-Pierre, Tubize , Boussu, Energie and others |
| Year of construction (s): | 1909–1914 (numbers 4365–4500), 1921–1922 (numbers 4348–4364) |
| Retirement: | 1947 |
| Axis formula : | 1'E h4 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Empty mass: | 89.8 t |
| Service mass: | 104.7 t (after modification 108 t) |
| Friction mass: | 87.6 t (after modification 92 t) |
| Top speed: | 60 km / h |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1450 mm |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1450 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 900 mm |
| Number of cylinders: | 4th |
| Cylinder diameter: | 500 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 14 bar |
| Grate area: | 5.1 m 2 |
| Superheater area : | 62 m² (after renovation 76 m 2 ) |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 239 m 2 (after renovation 231 m 2 ) |
| Tender: | triaxial |
| Water supply: | 24 m 3 |
| Brake: | Westinghouse air brake handbrake |
| Control: | Walschaerts |
| Coupling type: | Screw coupling |
The row 36 of the Belgian State Railways (SNCB) was a type of freight - steam locomotives of the wheel arrangement 1'E ( decapod ) with four-cylinder engine. During the First World War , some of the locomotives were sold to Russia and rebuilt there.
Construction and construction
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the engineer Jean-Baptiste Flamme developed several types of superheated steam locomotives . After trials with compound engines in a 19 to series locomotive , he decided on quad engines with single steam expansion, which were used in several series, especially in the powerful 36 series (for freight trains) and 10 (for express trains). From 1909 to 1914 136 locomotives of this series with the numbers 4365–4500 were built. Another 17 locomotives were built in 1921/1922 and put into service as numbers 4348 to 4364.
The boilers of both types were identical except for the dimensions of the fire boxes. In favor of a larger fire box, the rear (third) boiler section was designed to be conical. The 36 series was equipped with flame racks that connected the barrel axle and the first coupling axle . As a result, the coupling rod bearings had to be designed as ball joints . The distance between the 1st and 2nd and between the 3rd and 4th coupling axis was greater than that between the 2nd and 3rd and 4th and 5th coupling axis.
Originally, they did not have axle bearing adjusting wedges, which is why the bushings quickly deflected. In Russia, the axle bearing bushes were therefore changed by installing adjusting wedges in the Poltava plant .
With regard to the clearance profile , inner eccentrics were installed instead of external swing cranks, with the help of which the swing arms were moved via special crankshafts. In Russia, due to the larger clearance profile, it was possible to change the control in such a way that simple and more economical outer swing cranks could be installed.
Operation and modifications
The class 36 locomotives were mainly used on the Bruxelles – Luxembourg, Liège – Jemelle, Athus – Meuse and Verviers – Trois Ponts routes . At the time of construction, they were considered the most powerful freight locomotives in Europe. Ore trains of 1,300 tons on the ramp from Poix-Saint-Hubert to Libramont were driven with a leader and a push locomotive, i.e. with three locomotives of this series. The success of the 36 series inspired the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1913/1914 to design a similar four-cylinder freight locomotive, which was not implemented.
In the First World War 113 locomotives of this series were evacuated to France, but could not be used there because of their high axle load. In 1915, 60 of them were sold to Russia to be used on standard-gauge lines in Galicia and eastern Poland . Part of the delivery was lost by sea due to a submarine attack, the rest were finally converted to 1524 mm gauge and classified as class Ф or Ф л (as an abbreviation of the name of the designer Flamme), used at Yekaterinburg . You were still in service in 1962. Eight locomotives brought to Germany were repaired there after the armistice and returned to Belgium, so that after the First World War there were still 76 of this type and were put into operation.
From 1925 the locomotives of the 36 series received double chimneys and longer smoke chambers and from 1928 the first series of SNCB double air pumps instead of the simple air pumps of the Westinghouse design used previously. The complicated control of the steam engine via eccentrics was simplified by installing a classic control rod. From 1937, the locomotives received a second sandpit over the fire box. As a result of the modifications, which were carried out sporadically until 1943, the mass of the locomotives increased to 109.5 tons, the friction mass increased by one ton and the output increased to 2300 hp. Converted locomotives were designated as series 36 bis . They could move trains of 1000 tons on inclines of 13 ‰ alone, with pushing locomotives on an incline of 17 ‰ even trains of 1700 tons.
In 1947, the 36 series was withdrawn from service, as more modern locomotives of the 25 and 26 series were available. The last representatives of the 36 series were based in Latour, Stockem, Jemelle, Ronet and Ottignies.
literature
- André Dagant: Les locomotives à vapeur de l'Etat Belge à la SNCB (1835–1966) , Editions Veys, Tielt D / 1982/1605/1 , 1982.
- Phil Dambly: Nos inoubliables vapeurs , Editions “Le Rail”, Bruxelles 1968.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Witali Alexandrowitsch Rakow: Локомотивы отечественных железных дорог 1845–1955 . 2nd, completely revised edition. “Транспорт”, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-277-00821-7 , Паровозы системы Фламма, p. 191-193 .
- ↑ a b c d e Vitali Alexandrowitsch Rakow: Russian and Soviet steam locomotives . 1st edition. transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-344-00060-8 , freight locomotives from the years of construction 1880 to 1917: steam locomotives of the Flamme type, p. 119-120 .
- ↑ a b c d JDH Smith: EB / SNCB / NMBS steam locomotives . 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Flamme: Superheaters Applied to Locomotives on the Belgian State Railways . In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers . 69, 1905, pp. 409-427. doi : 10.1243 / PIME_PROC_1905_069_006_02 .
- ↑ a b c d Phil Dambly: Huitième période, 1904–1914. - Régime flame . In: Nos inoubliables vapeurs (Retrieved May 2, 2016).
- ↑ a b c Phil Dambly: Dixième période, 1920-1939 - De l'Etat à la SNCB . In: Nos inoubliables vapeurs (Retrieved May 2, 2016).
- ^ Horwich engineers . Steamindex.com. May 22, 2015.
- ↑ Phil Dambly: Neuvième période, 1914-1919 - Première guerre mondiale et locomotives "Armistice" . In: Nos inoubliables vapeurs (Retrieved May 2, 2016).