Night flight

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A night flight (aviation jargon also jokingly referred to as red-eye flight or pajamas - bomber called) is a carried out during night time flight. According to EASA -OPS (formerly JAR -OPS), night is defined as the period between the end of civil twilight and the beginning of civil dawn ( i.e. the period of civil night) or another period between sunset and Sunrise . Civil twilight ends in the evening and begins in the morning when the center of the solar disk is 6 ° below the horizon.

Situation in Germany

In the Federal Republic of Germany, according to the previous LuftVO, the night was between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise. The new version of the LuftVO , which has been in effect since November 6, 2015, no longer contains this regulation, which is different for the Federal Republic of Germany.

A flight plan must be submitted for night flights . They are only allowed to and from specially approved airports. The pilot needs an instrument flight license or night flight qualification , the aircraft needs night flight equipment and the airfield needs runway lighting . For many airfields there are restrictions on night air traffic up to and including a night flight ban . This flight ban serves to protect the population living in the vicinity against night aircraft noise , which is considered to be harmful to health.

Night flights with aircraft of the UL class are not permitted. According to EU Regulation No. 1178/2011 (Part FCL) FCL.060 b) (2), a take-off and landing at night within the preceding 90 days is necessary for the transport of passengers at night, provided the pilot does not have an instrument flight rating , however has a night flight qualification.

Night flight with night vision device

In military, police and air rescue operations, night flights are also permitted and carried out outside of the night flight regulations, if approved night vision goggles (NVG) are used and the guidelines for pilot training are adhered to. The devices that use residual light amplification enable obstacles such as power lines, masts or wind turbines to be recognized even in complete darkness. During the NVG training, the pilots have to get used to the limited field of view and the only two-dimensional images of the NVG.

history

The first night flight was operated by US Airmail from Omaha , Nebraska, to Chicago , Illinois, in 1921 . The pilot's visual support was provided by powerful ground-based headlights every 20 km along the route. In Europe, too, numerous night flight routes with such flight route lights were built. The French-Romanian Compagnie franco-roumaine de navigation aérienne , or CFRNA for short , made the first international night flight with passenger transport between Belgrade and Bucharest in 1923 . In the summer of 1926, Deutsche Lufthansa opened the Berlin – Königsberg night flight. Since the introduction of radio beacons , radio navigation has been used for commercial night flights.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.easa.europa.eu/agency-measures/docs/opinions/2011/04/Annexes%20to%20Regulation.pdf
  2. ↑ Definition of night in Sera article 2 (97)
  3. ↑ adac.de
  4. ↑ Josef Krings: Remarks on a route fire for civil aviation in Oberhausen around 1930-1940  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.7 MB; access only with password)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.stadtteilforum-oberaussem.de  
  5. ^ The history of aviation in Romania. TAROM SA., 2012, archived from the original on February 17, 2012 ; accessed on April 6, 2014 .
  6. ↑ http://www.hans-pfau-elbing.de/75201.html ; http://www.berlin-spotter.de/airlines/lufthansa.htm