Nightingale wren
| Nightingale wren | ||||||||||||
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Nightingale wren ( Microcerculus philomela ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Microcerculus philomela | ||||||||||||
| ( Salvin , 1861) |
The nightingale wren ( Microcerculus philomela ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), in Mexico , Guatemala , Belize , Honduras , Nicaragua and Costa Rica is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .
features
The nightingale wren reaches a body length of about 10.0 to 11.5 cm with a weight of 17.4 to 21.5 g of males and 16.4 to 17.4 g of females. The top is deep brown. The flight feathers are gray-brown with broad brown edges. The wing covers are gray-brown. The large palm covers have a light subterminal stripe that borders on a dark color. This stripe becomes lighter towards the shaft of the feathers. This turns into a yellow-brown or white spot on the shaft, making it an inconspicuous streak of light spots. The control feathers are blackish brown. The underside is matt dark gray, which looks heavily scaled due to its dark brownish black. The scales are more noticeable on the throat and are generally somewhat stronger in the males. The flanks and the belly are dark brown with more or less gray-brown-black scales. The eyes are dark brown, the beak black or horn-colored at the edge of the dill and the legs black. Both sexes are similar. Young animals show more contrasts in the color of the top and bottom, but have fewer scales on the underside. It is very similar to the scaly breast wren ( Microcerculus marginatus ( Sclater, PL 1855)), but it is paler on the underside and shows less scales.
Behavior and nutrition
From Costa Rica insects, woodlice , spiders and centipedes have been reported as food. He looks for his insects preferably on the ground or in the undergrowth. It has also been seen following wandering ants to prey on the insects that flee from them. The nightingale wren appears to be very territorial . In research experiments with voice recordings of other nightingale wrens, he responded energetically. He is mostly traveling alone.
Vocalizations
The song of the nightingale wren can be described as haunting. If you listen to him, you can't see a proper singing pattern. It consists of an ascending and descending series of hi hoo, hi hoo, hoo hoo hi hoo, ss hoo hi ... or ti ti-ti-ti ssi ti ti-ti-ti-ti-ti ti ti-ti ssi ... whistles. During research work, however, a pattern of 32 tones was discovered that he emits at random. In addition, he is sharp stschep or sttschip or tseck Tones of himself.
Reproduction
Little is known about the breeding biology of the nightingale wren. The breeding season in Costa Rica is from May or June until at least September.
distribution and habitat
The nightingale wren prefers tropical lowlands, especially in undisturbed, evergreen primary forest and the adjacent cloud forest . He prefers to move inside the forest. In Costa Rica it is found on the Atlantic foothills, on the Pacific side mostly only in ravines and damp forests.
migration
It is believed that the nightingale wren is a resident bird .
Etymology and history of research
The nightingale wren was first described in 1861 by Osbert Salvin under the scientific name of Cyphorhinus philomela . The type specimen was collected by Robert Owen in the Alta Verapaz department . In 1861 Philip Lutley Sclater introduced the genus Microcerculus, which was new to science . This name is derived from » mikros μικρος « for »small« and »kerkos κερκος « for »tail«. The species name »philomela« is the Latin word for »nightingale« and can be derived from the Greek »philos φιλος « for »loving« and »melos μελος « for »song«.
literature
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Riverside Wren (Cantorchilus semibadius) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- Katherine Rentschlar in: Thomas Scott Schulenberg : Nightingale Wren (Microcerculus philomela) in Birds of the World . Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.
- Osbert Salvin: Description of three new species of birds from Guatemala . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . 1861, p. 202-203 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Philip Lutley Sclater: Catalog of a collection of American birds . N. Trubner and Co., London May 1, 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1862).
Web links
- Microcerculus philomela inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Northern Nightingale-wren ( Microcerculus philomela ) . Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Northern Nightingale-wren (Microcerculus philomela) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Nightingale wren ( Microcerculus philomela ) at Avibase; accessed on May 9, 2020.
- Microcerculus philomela in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - nightingale wren ( Microcerculus philomela )
- Northern Nightingale-wren (Microcerculus philomela) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved May 9, 2020.
Individual evidence
Remarks
- ↑ Sclater named u. a. the white banded wren ( Microcerculus bambla ( Boddaert , 1783)) in the new genus. The article was published in several deliveries between 1861 and 1862, with p. 17 appearing on May 1, 1861. Since the year 1862 is mentioned on Sclater's front page, this is the reason why Salvin is often incorrectly named as the author. Its article with the name appeared only in early October 1861.