Name of Seoul
Seoul ( Kor. 서울 , Korean pronunciation: [ sɔʊl ] / [ sʌ.ul ] , Anglicised pronunciation: [ soʊl ]) is the name of the largest city on the Korean Peninsula and the capital of South Korea . It is now used in various transcriptions by all major languages in the world.
Seoul is both the German name of this city (previously written Sŏul and Söul ) as well as the Korean name in the revised Romanization (RR).
Today's names
Chinese
After a Mayor on 18 January 2005. Lee Myung-bak announced by Seoul resolution adopted by its government is the city on Mandarin Shǒu'ěr ( Pinyin , Chinese 首爾 / 首尔 ), which the Government of the People's Republic of China took over in October of 2005. Shǒu'ěr, as the phonetic translation of Korean Seoul into the phonetics of standard Chinese, is not a traditional Sinocorean or Chinese name, but a Korean new creation of the 21st century, which in a competition from over a thousand proposals such as Shǒuwǔ'ěr ( 首午爾 ), Shǒuwò ( 首沃 ) or Zhōngjīng ( 中京 ) was selected.
German
The German name of the city corresponds to the Korean name and is spelled Seoul today .
In the past, the spellings Sŏul and Söul were also common. Sŏul is the transcription of the Korean name after the transcription after George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer , which is sometimes still used today ; Söul is the transcription of the name according to a system that is unusual today in the German-speaking area and Gale .
German pronunciation
For a long time, the pronunciation [seˈul] , which was very different from the Korean pronunciation, was used in dictionaries . In the meantime, the pronunciation of the name has become common in Korean . The Duden now also offers a language example with the pronunciation [sɔʊl] on its website .
English
The spelling Seoul has long been established in English and was used even before the McCune-Reischauer and RR transcription systems were created.
Today's Latin spelling corresponds to the transcription of the Korean name (Seoul: 서 → seo , 울 → ul ) after the RR created in 2000, which replaced the previously official transcription Sŏul in South Korea , but existed much earlier, probably as a simplification the French missionary inscription Se-oul ( 서 → se , 울 → oul ).
English pronunciation
Corresponds to the Korean pronunciation or that of the word soul .
Japanese
In Japanese, ソ ウ ル ( souru ) is used as a katakana transcription of the Korean name.
Korean
Seoul is the transcription of the Korean name (Seoul: 서 → seo , 울 → ul ) according to the official South Korean Romanization system, which the Ministry of Culture revised in 2000. The official Korean name is Seoul Special City ( 서울 특별시 , 서울 特別 市 , Seoul teukbyeolsi ).
Unlike most place names, which today are often formed using Sino- Korean ( borrowed from the Chinese written language ) sememen , Seoul is a purely Korean name - there is no Hanjah spelling for the name, but only for the addition "special city" ( 特別 市 , teukbyeolsi ).
The word seoul meant “capital” in German, but has not normally been used in this meaning for several decades, but only refers to the city. The Sinokorean gyeong ( 경 , 京 , also “capital”) is used in compound words .
Korean pronunciation
The Korean pronunciation (depending on the speaker [ˈsɔ.ul] or similar) of the name Seoul is similar to that of the English word soul :
Seoul consists of the syllables seo and ul , so it is not pronounced “se-oul”. The s is spoken voiceless (as in "Mar s "). The e and o are not pronounced individually, but together like the "o" in " o ffen" (the two letters together describe a single letter in the original Korean orthography). The u and l are pronounced as in German, for example in “St uhl ”. As with almost all Korean words, the first syllable ( Seo- ) is stressed.
Earlier names
Many Korean cities have a similarly varied name history as Seoul; one name often denotes different cities depending on the time.
The name Wirye is associated with the remains of settlements discovered in the Olympic Park; however, it is not clear to what extent and where Wirye actually existed and whether the name denoted a fortification ( 위례성 , 慰 禮 城 , Wiryeseong ).
It was called Hanseong when it was the capital of Baekje .
In the Silla period was Hanyang ( 한양 , 漢陽 called).
In the Goryeo era it was called Namgyeong ( 남경 , 南京 , "southern capital").
The seat of government has been relocated several times for short periods from Kaesŏng , located northwest of Seoul in what is now North Korea, to Seoul. During the Joseon Dynasty , Seoul finally became the capital and was given the name Hanseong ( 한성 , 漢城 ) again, as in the Baekje period .
During the time that Korea was a province of Japan , Japanese was the official language of that province. The official name of the city was therefore Keijō ( Japanese 京城 , "capital") between 1910 and 1945 . In Korean, these kanji were pronounced Gyeongseong ( 경성 ). The Seoul train station was opened under this name as early as 1900. During the Goryeo period, however , the name Gyeongseong referred to today's Kaesŏng mentioned above.
After the Second World War, the Japanese name became uncommon and only Seoul and Hanseong were still used. On August 15, 1946, the first anniversary of the end of Japanese rule, the name was officially changed from Gyeongseong to Seoul .
In contrast to Gyeongseong , the names Hanyang and Hanseong are often used in proper names by restaurants or the like.
By 2005, the city was called in Chinese Hancheng ( 漢城 / 汉城 ), which could also mean "Chinese city". This is the high Chinese sound of the characters of the last Sinocorean name Hanseong ( 漢城 ) before it was renamed by the Japanese.
Spellings
Spellings for the official Korean name Special City Seoul are listed in the table at the beginning of the article Seoul .
swell
- ↑ article about the change of the Chinese name in the China Daily (English)
- ↑ On the change of the Chinese name (English)
-
↑ Duden. German universal dictionary . Dudenverlag, Mannheim, Vienna, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-411-02176-4
The 4th edition (2001; ISBN 3-411-05504-9 ) gives the German pronunciation [seˈuː] - ^ Seoul. In: Duden . Retrieved May 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Republic of Korea (Ed.): Nomination of Baekje Historic Areas . For Inscription on the World Heritage List . Seoul 2015, ISBN 978-89-299-0345-9 , pp. 13 (English, online PDF 323 MB [accessed February 4, 2017]).