Narco state

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The term narco-state (from Spanish narcotráfico : drug trafficking ) is a controversial neologism that describes a country whose political institutions are involved in or are actively involved in illegal drug trafficking and thus create the conditions for drug trafficking to become a major economic factor of the country developed. Government members and officials are part of the drug trafficking network and may be protected by their legal powers.

The term began to be used in the late 1980s when the internal conflicts and political unrest in cocaine producing countries Peru , Colombia and Bolivia were studied and described. Nowadays, Colombia has a more restrictive drug policy .

According to geoscientist Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy from the Center national de la recherche scientifique , the term “narco-state” is an unusable simplification. It does not do justice to the complex social and economic circumstances of the individual states.

Examples

In 2006 Afghanistan was rated as a potential "narco-state" by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime .

The US security researcher Paul Rexton Kan from the United States Army War College classified the following states as "narco states" in 2016:

country Drugs Art Status
Afghanistan Opium , heroin , hashish producer advanced
Bahamas Marijuana , cocaine Transshipment point beginning
Belize Marijuana, cocaine Transshipment point serious
Burma Opium, heroin, methamphetamine producer advanced
Bolivia cocaine producer critical
Cambodia Opium, heroin, methamphetamine both serious
Colombia Cocaine, heroin, marijuana producer critical
Ecuador cocaine Transshipment point in development
El Salvador Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point serious
Guatemala Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point critical
Guinea cocaine Transshipment point critical
Guinea-Bissau cocaine Transshipment point advanced
Haiti Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point serious
Honduras Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point critical
Iran Heroin, hashish Transshipment point beginning
Jamaica Marijuana, cocaine both serious
Laos Opium, heroin, methamphetamine both serious
Lebanon Marijuana, heroin, cocaine,
amphetamine-type drugs 		both in development
Mali Marijuana, cocaine, heroin both serious
Mexico Marijuana, cocaine, heroin,
amphetamine-type drugs 		both serious
Nigeria Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point serious
North Korea Heroin, metamphetamine producer advanced
Pakistan Opium, heroin Transshipment point serious
Panama Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point beginning
Papua New Guinea marijuana producer beginning
Peru cocaine producer critical
Senegal Cocaine, heroin Transshipment point in development
Thailand Heroin, amphetamine type drugs Transshipment point in development
Tajikistan heroin Transshipment point critical
Uzbekistan Opium, heroin, marijuana, hashish Transshipment point serious
Vietnam Heroin, amphetamine type drugs Transshipment point in development

literature

  • Paul Rexton Kan: Drug Trafficking and International Security . Rowman & Littlefield 2016, pp. 48-69. ( Online )
  • Pierre-Arnauld Chouvy: The myth of the narco-state. In: Stewart Williams, Barney Warf (Eds.): Drugs, Laws, People, Place and the State. Routledge, 2017. ( Online )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Paul Rexton Kan: Drug Trafficking and International Security. Rowman and Littlefield, 2016, p. 51. ( Online )
  2. ↑ Pierre-Arnauld Chouvy: The myth of the narco-state. In: Stewart Williams, Barney Warf (Eds.): Drugs, Laws, People, Place and the State. Routledge, 2017. ( Online )
  3. ^ Afghanistan Risks Becoming a Narco-State, UNODC Executive Director Warns . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime , June 28, 2006.