National Front for the Salvation of Libya
The National Front for the Rescue of Libya (abbreviation NFSL , Arabic الجبهة الوطنية لإنقاذ ليبيا) was a Libyan political movement.
She was in opposition to Muammar al-Gaddafi's government in Libya . The National Front was established on October 7, 1981 at a press conference held in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum . Its original chairman was Mohammed Yusef el-Megarief , the former Libyan ambassador to India .
The general secretary of the NFSL was most recently Ibrahim Abdulaziz Sahad , a former military officer and diplomat. The last National Congress of the NFSL was held in the United States in July 2007. The successor to the National Front was the National Front Party in 2012 .
background
The National Front for the Rescue of Libya operated from Sudan - until the coup there in 1985, which led to the overthrow of Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry . The NFSL opposed the military and dictatorial rule in Libya and called for a democratic government with constitutional guarantees, free elections, a free press and a separation of powers between the executive, judiciary and legislative branches. It launched a wide-ranging campaign to bring Gaddafi down in Libya, established a shortwave radio station , a military commando training camp, and published a bi-monthly bulletin, Al Inqadh (Rescue). Saudi Arabia and the US Central Intelligence Agency supported the National Front.
organization
The organizational structure of the National Front was based on two main bodies, the National Congress (المجلس الوطني) and the Permanent Bureau (المكتب الدائم). The National Congress was the highest authority within the NFSL. The Permanent Bureau was elected during the sessions of the National Congress and represented legislative authority when it was not in session. The Permanent Bureau was also responsible for overseeing the NFSL's executive body: The Executive Committee (اللجنة التنفذية) was headed by the Secretary General, who was also elected during the sessions of the National Congress. The Executive Committee consisted of several commissioners who controlled the various programs of the opposition organization, as well as the Deputy Secretary General.
Leadership
The Executive Committee of the NFSL was most recently chaired by General Secretary Ibrahim Abdulaziz Sahad , who was re-elected for his second term during the 5th National Congress in the United States in July 2007. Sahad has appointed Mohammed Ali Abdallah as his deputy, and has selected four others to serve on the Executive Committee and the various commissions chaired by the Committee.
The leadership of the permanent office of the NFSL (National Congress) was held by Fawzi al-Tarabulsi , who became Vice-President of the National Congress and President after the resignation of Dr. Suleiman Abdalla was elected as President of the National Congress in 2008. The bureau leadership also included Vice President Mohamed Saad and Bureau Rapporteur Mohamed Ali Binwasil .
Military action
On May 8, 1984, National Front commandos participated in a daring attack on Gaddafi's headquarters at the Bab al-Aziziya barracks near Tripoli in an attempt to assassinate the Libyan leader. The attack foiled when the group's leader, Ahmed Ibrahim Ihwas , was captured while trying to enter Libya from the Tunisian border. Although the coup attempt failed and Gaddafi escaped unscathed, dissident groups claimed that around 80 Libyans, Cubans and East Germans were killed in the operation. However, as a result of the attack, around 2,000 people were arrested in Libya and eight were publicly hanged.
The NFSL continued its efforts to bring down Gaddafi and formed the Libyan National Army (LNA) after a group of soldiers detained in Chad during the Chadian-Libyan War deserted from the Libyan Army and the NFSL in 1987 to join. This national army, commanded by Chalifa Haftar , was later evacuated from Chad after President Hissène Habré was overthrown by one of his former officers, Idriss Déby, who was supported by Gaddafi.
Embassy demonstration in 1984
On April 17, 1984, the National Front organized a demonstration by Libyan dissidents outside the Libyan embassy in London . During the demonstration, shots were fired from the embassy at the group of protesters, which hit 11 people, including one of the police officers who monitored the demonstration, Yvonne Fletcher - who died shortly afterwards. Fletcher's assassination quickly worsened diplomatic relations between Britain and Libya.
Political opposition
Although it had meanwhile given up the idea of a military takeover of power, the National Front for the Rescue of Libya continued its opposition to Gaddafi - through media campaigns and by forming political alliances with other opposition groups. The NFSL was one of the seven other opposition groups that founded the National Conference for the Libyan Opposition (NKLO) at a conference in London in June 2005. The National Front and three other organizations withdrew from this alliance in February 2008 because they complained of differences of opinion. In a statement issued by the NFSL on February 28, 2008, the NFSL announced its withdrawal from the National Conference due to straying from the '2005 National Accord'. The NFSL continued its media campaigns, using mostly online media. However, it was weaker than before.
On March 14, 2012 , the National Front founded a political party, the National Front , as its successor in Benghazi , which took part in the first Libyan election in 40 years, the election of the General National Congress. Subsequently, the NFSL leader el-Megarief was elected president of the transitional parliament, and thus interim head of state.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Daniela Dahn: Stör Faktor Gaddafi , sheets for German and international politics, July 2011
- ↑ Helen Chapin Metz: LIBYA: a country study, Chapter 4. Government and Politics: Opposition to Qadhafi: Exiled Opposition ( English ) Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 1987. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ^ Keith Harmon Snow, Petroleum and Empire in North Africa. NATO Invasion of Libya Underway , GlobalResearch.ca, March 2, 2011.
- ↑ Who are the real Libyan opposition? , International Business Times
- ^ Richard Keeble: The Secret War Against Libya ( English ) www.medialens.org. Archived from the original on July 1, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ^ Dirk Vandewalle: History of Modern Libya ( English ). Cambridge University Press, 2006.
- ↑ Bob Woodward: Veil: The secret wars of the CIA, 1981-1987 ( English ). Simon and Schuster, 2005.
- ^ John Jacob Nutter: The CIA's black opts ( English ). Prometheus Books, 1999.
- ↑ المجلس الوطني - دورة الإنعقاد الخامسة 2007 ( Arabic ) National Front for the Salvation of Libya. Archived from the original on March 22, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ↑ بيان صحفي ( Arabic ) National Front for the Salvation of Libya. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ↑ George Joffe: Libya's hunt for a Gaddafi alternative ( English ) BBC. March 1, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
- ^ National Front for Salvation of Libya forms political party, outlines plans.
- ↑ Election as President of the National Congress: Magarief is Libya's new strong man ( Memento from August 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) , Tagesschau.de, August 10, 2012
