Nazareth (Heilig Landstichting)

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The Jordanian village of El Hosson, recreated in the Netherlands
Interior of the synagogue
Home of Maria and Joseph, later a customs office
Living area in the customs official's house

The museum village Nazareth , also known as Beth Juda , is an ensemble of buildings in the Orientalis Museum Park (formerly Heilig Landstichting) in the community of Groesbeek in Gelderland . It has the status of a Rijksmonument (No. 523611).

Residential houses

The museum village dates from the same time as Gustaf Dalman's work Arbeit und Sitte in Palestine and in its own way implements the same basic idea: that one understands the New Testament better by studying traditional Palestinian village life.

The artist Piet Gerrits, who directed the work, himself lived in the village of El Hosson (in today's Jordan ) from 1906 to 1907 . Between 1916 and 1918 El Hosson was rebuilt slightly smaller in the Dutch province of Gelderland: clusters of block-shaped houses with narrow, stepped streets in between. Due to the humid climate, Gerrits had replaced clay as a building material with blocks of marl. Most of the wall surfaces and courtyard walls are plastered. On one of the roofs you can see a leaf hut . The houses have wooden doors, and some have a simple canopy. The small windows have wooden lattices. In front of the house there is a small walled courtyard with an oven and a rainwater collector. The interior design of the houses is practically the same everywhere: a rectangular room which, by raising the floor, distinguishes the living space of the people (in the rear area) from the lower-lying stables for the pets (in the front). The meager furniture consists of grain boxes, stone jugs, pots and pans. The sleeping mats are stowed on shelves during the day.

Of the concrete figures that originally livened up the village, what remains is a seated beggar in Palestinian costume in the village square. He's been there since 1917.

synagogue

In the years 1906 to 1911 Piet Gerrits measured a small Sephardic synagogue, but it could not be built in the Museum Nazareth until 1935. The replica also borrows from the synagogues of Galilee in late antiquity.

The visitor first steps into a walled forecourt. In the middle there is a water basin for ablutions. Circumferential galleries provide shade. For example, lessons could be given here.

A double door leads into the domed interior, the center of which is taken up by the wooden bema . At the front there is a niche in the wall for the Torah scrolls; in front of it hangs a curtain gathered with a knot. The wall is painted on both sides with Jewish ritual objects. Thus, the Torah ark of the synagogue accurate implementation of motives of the floor mosaic in the ancient synagogue of Chammat Tiberias .

Customs house

The customs officer apartment (on an L-shaped floor plan) built in 1924 originally represented the home of Jesus of Nazareth's parents , as the place was about his youth, and was equipped with carpentry tools.

“The survey is based on a house that was more spacious than the farmhouses in the village.” During the reconstruction, particular emphasis was placed on the correct reproduction of the building details on windows and doors. The flat dome is typical of older residential buildings in Palestine, but has only been documented since the Middle Ages.

The living area shows the somewhat higher standard of living in this house with some objects that were acquired in Palestine for this purpose. So the floor is covered with carpets; a storage chest replaces the table. There are stone benches on the walls and niches are used to set up oil lamps.

Appreciation

With the inclusion in the list of national cultural assets, it was made clear that the building ensemble "Nazareth" is a replica of oriental structures of cultural and architectural historical value. In addition, the village blends in harmoniously with the surrounding landscape. The religious park (devotiepark) documents a current of Catholicism in the early 20th century, which considered pilgrimages to the Holy Land to be religiously significant and with "Nazareth" offered a substitute for people who did not have the means.

Web links

literature

  • Biblical open-air museum: museum guide (n.d.)
  • Biblical Open Air Museum Heilig Land Stichting: Guidebook. 1994

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guidebook . S. 16 .
  2. ↑ Museum guide . S. 10 .
  3. ↑ Museum guide . S. 15 .
  4. ↑ Museum guide . S. 14 .
  5. ↑ Museum guide . S. 15 .
  6. ↑ a b museum guide . S. 20 .
  7. ↑ Museum guide . S. 21 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 4.2 "  N , 5 ° 53 ′ 38.3"  E