Gustaf Dalman

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Gustaf Dalman, ca.1902
Memorial plaque for Gustaf Dalman in Bahnhofstrasse 46/47 in Greifswald (2012)

Gustaf Hermann Dalman (born June 9, 1855 in Niesky ; † August 19, 1941 in Herrnhut ) was a German Protestant theologian ( Old Testament scholar ) and Palestinian scholar.

origin

His parents were the business administrator Julius Marx (* 1817) and Erdmuth Laurentia von Dalmann (* 1822), a daughter of Johann Nikolaus von Dalmann , head of the Moravian Brethren in Gnadenfrei . Born Gustaf Hermann Marx, Dalman took the maiden name of his Swedish mother in 1886 in order to enable the endangered branch of his mother's family to continue to exist.

Life

He received his education at the pedagogy in Niesky and from 1874 studied at the theological seminar of the Moravian Brethren in Gnadenfeld (Upper Silesia), where he also lectured on the Old Testament and practical theology until 1887 . By Franz Delitzsch he was at the Institutum judaicum appointed to Leipzig, where theologians to serve in the mission to the Jews were trained. Dalman had already spoken out on this subject as a lecturer in Gnadenfeld. From 1891 he was a private lecturer and from 1895 associate professor for Old Testament and Jewish Studies in Leipzig . On September 25, 1901, he married Karoline Sophie von Treskow (1872-1940), a daughter of the Prussian major general Franz von Treskow, in Freienwalde .

From 1902 to 1917 Dalman was the first director of the German Evangelical Institute for Classical Studies of the Holy Land in Jerusalem . Dalman experienced the outbreak of the First World War on a home leave in Germany. Events prevented a return to Jerusalem. From 1917 he was Professor of Old Testament and Palestine Studies in Greifswald , where in 1920 he founded the Institute for Biblical Geography and Antiquity (today: Gustaf Dalman Institute ). In 1921 he was acting provost of the Church of the Redeemer in Jerusalem. From 1905 to 1926 he was editor of the journal Palestine-Jahrbuch .

Until 1914 Dalman held regular courses for young theologians from Germany and observed, photographed and documented the current living conditions of farmers and Bedouins in Palestine in his publications . Dalman's works are unique documents of the life of ordinary people during the Ottoman-Turkish period. From his research he sought to draw conclusions about the history of Israel and the ancient Orient. He wrote articles on archeology and regional studies. In his second research area, Judaic Studies, he wrote basic grammars and dictionaries on Aramaic dialects and the post-Biblical Hebrew language .

Publications (selection)

1. To cultural studies

  • Arbeit und Sitte in Palestine , Vol. I - VII, Berlin 1928–1942 (reprint 1987 ISBN 3-487-00480-1 and ISBN 978-3487004808 ) Vol. VIII (fragment from the estate) Berlin 2001. (main work on Dalmans regional studies on all areas of life)
  • Palestinian divan . Collected as a contribution to the folklore of Palestine and edited with translations and melodies, Leipzig 1901. (Collection of folk songs from Palestine and Syria) ( Digitized Halle, archive.org )
  • Places and ways of Jesus , Gütersloh 1919.
  • Jerusalem and its grounds , Gütersloh 1930.

2. Exegetica

  • The words of Jesus . Taking into account the post-canonical Jewish literature and the Aramaic language, Vol. 1: Introduction and important terms, with appendix: A) The Lord's Prayer, B) Supplements and corrections, Leipzig 2nd edition 1930; Vol. 2: Jesus-Yeshua. The three languages ​​of Jesus, Jesus in the synagogue, on the mountain, at the Passover meal, on the cross, Leipzig 1922.

3. Aramaic and post-Biblical Hebrew

  • Grammar of Jewish-Palestinian Aramaic based on the idioms of the Palestinian Talmud, the Onkelostargum and Prophetentargum and the Jerusalem Targume , Hinrichs, Leipzig 1894 (digital copies : UB Frankfurt , archive.org ); 2. probably and many times redesigned. Edition 1905 (ND Darmstadt 1989; digital copies: UB Frankfurt , archive.org ).
  • Aramaic-New Hebrew concise dictionary on Targum, Talmud and Midrash , Göttingen 1901 ( digitized version ); 2nd edition 1922 ( digitized version ); 3rd edition 1938 (5th ND Hildesheim 2007).

literature

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz:  DALMAN, Gustaf. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1197–1198.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Hans-Joachim Kraus : History of the historical-critical research of the Old Testament . 3rd expanded edition. Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1982, ISBN 3-7887-0701-1 , p. 411 .
  • Julia Männchen: Gustaf Dalman's life and work in the Brethren, for the Jewish mission and at the University of Leipzig 1855–1902 ( Treatises of the German Palestine Association. Vol. 9.1). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02750-9 .
  • Julia Männchen: Gustaf Dalman as a Palestine scientist in Jerusalem and Greifswald 1902–1941. ( Treatises of the German Palestine Association. Vol. 9, 2). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-447-03425-4 .
  • Julia Männchen: The Gustaf Dalman Institute at the Theological Faculty in Greifswald. In the beginning there was the German Evangelical Institute for Classical Studies of the Holy Land in Jerusalem . In: POMMERCE. Journal of Culture and History, XLI. Year, issue 4, Lübeck-Travemünde 2003, pp. 2–9, numer. Fig., ISSN 0032-4167
  • Julia Männchen: The heart moves to Jerusalem. Gustaf Dalman on his 150th birthday. Compiled and annotated on behalf of the Theological Faculty of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald. University of Greifswald - Press and Information Office, Greifswald 2005, ISBN 3-86006-243-3 .
  • Gerhard Meyer:  Dalmann (actually Marx), Hermann Gustaf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 493 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Lutz Mohr : On the trail of biblical history. In memory of the universal Palestine explorer Gustaf Hermann Dalman (1855-1941) . In: The Democrat . Vol. 37, No. 273 of November 20, 1982 and No. 279 of 27/28. November 1982.
  • Lutz Mohr: History - Fate - Design. In search of historical traces between Oberlausitzer Bergland and Schluckenauer Zipfel. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Zittau, 2019, pp. 176–183.
  • Lutz Mohr, with input from Paul Kroll: Who was Gustaf Hermann Dalman? . In: Vorpommern Magazin, Greifswald / Stralsund u. a., vol. 27, issue 1/2020, p. 11, 2 figs.

Web links

Commons : Gustaf Dalman  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Gustaf Dalman  - Sources and full texts
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich Jeremias Evangelical provost of Jerusalem
1921 (acting) 		Albrecht Alt
personal data
SURNAME Dalman, Gustaf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marx, Gustaf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian, Old Testament scholar and orientalist
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Niesky
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1941
Place of death Herrnhut