Pawłowiczki
| Pawłowiczki | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Kędzierzyn-Koźle | ||
| Gmina : | Pawlowitzke | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 15 ' N , 18 ° 3' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 47-280 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OK | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK38 Reńska Wieś– Głubczyce | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
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Pawłowiczki ( German Pawlowitzke) is a village and capital of the rural municipality of the same name in the Upper Silesian powiat Kędzierzyńsko-Kozielski in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .
geography
Geographical location
Pawłowiczki is located around 10 kilometers southwest of Koźle (Cosel) and 16 km northeast of Głubczyce (Leobschütz)
Local division
Pawłowiczki forms a Schulzenamt , which also includes the villages of Opatrzność (caution) , Rzeczyca (Rzetzitz) and Warmuntowice (Warmunthau) . The village of Pawłowiczki itself originally consists of the merged places Pawlowitzke and Gnadenfeld, which represents the more urban southern part of the place, where the town hall is also located.
history
The village was mentioned in a document in 1453 as Pawlowitcz . It was parish to Rzetzitz. In 1742 Pawlowitzke was assigned to Prussia and in 1816 to the district of Cosel .
In 1766, the Herrnhuter Ernst Julius von Seidlitz acquired the Dominium Pawlowitzke for his son Friedrich von Seidlitz . On a valley slope of the Erlengrund, south of the Gutsdorf at the intersection of the military roads Cosel - Leobschütz and Ratibor - Oberglogau - Neustadt , he had a settlement founded for the Moravian brothers in faith from Upper Silesia, which was called Gnadenfeld . In 1771/72 the first buildings were erected on a long lease . In 1779 King Friedrich II founded the Gnadenfeld Brothers Congregation - which was subordinate to the management of the Brothers Unity in Berthelsdorf near Herrnhut . In 1780 he granted the royal concession to build a prayer house - which was carried out from 1781 to 1782 - and the approval to continue building the colonist settlement, which was initially built as planned for around 100 residents, mostly by the builder Rietz. A central rectangular square was created with the prayer house in the middle, which was also used as a school and community center. The square was lined by the sister house and the brother house as well as a boys' institution and a boarding school for girls as simple baroque houses with mansard and half-hip roofs. Around this square, single-family houses for the Herrnhut brothers were built on a rectangular network of streets.
In 1787 the Gnadenfeld Brothers' Unity acquired the dominial rights for the Pawlowitzke estate and in 1855 the leasehold expired, making the land the actual property of the Brethren. In 1791 a Protestant cemetery was created. Both places soon grew together and Gnadenfeld developed into an important trading and handicraft settlement, in which, in addition to carpenters, brickworks and windmills, there was a post office, a brewery, a factory for brandy distillers and a bell founder. Many Protestants also settled in the old village of Pawlowitzke - a Protestant school was established in 1825 and a Protestant cemetery in 1834. In addition, in 1818 the Moravians set up a theological seminar of the Brothers Unity in Gnadenfeld, which existed until 1922. There was also a pharmacy owned by the Wetschky family. Also unusual for a place of this size were the grid-shaped wide streets, the regular buildings and the community park in Erlengrund. In 1892 Gnadenfeld was connected to the Bauerwitz –Cosel railway line through the Gnadenfeld-Chrost station.
In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 278 votes were cast in Gnadenfeld to remain with Germany, two votes were in favor of joining Poland, in Pawlowitzke it was 392 to 14 votes and in the associated manor district of Pawlowitzke 55 to 1 votes. The neighboring villages also had a clear German majority, and as a result the Cosel constituency remained in the Weimar Republic .
During the time of National Socialism , the place name was changed from Pawlowitzke to Gnadenfeld II in 1936 . In 1938 the rural communities Gnadenfeld II (Pawlowitzke), Riedgrund (Rzetzitz), Caution and Warmunthau were incorporated into Gnadenfeld. This amalgamation has existed to this day in the form of the Schulzenamt Pawłowiczki. Towards the end of the Second World War , the Herrnhut settlement Gnadenfeld was badly destroyed on March 15, 1945. Most of the local Protestant population was expelled , although a German minority was able to survive in the area . According to the 2002 census in Poland, more than 20% of the population were German, which is why the municipality has the right to introduce German as an auxiliary language, which it has not yet used, as well as bilingual place names. In 2013, a vote took place in which eleven places decided on German place names. In the same year the municipality applied for the introduction of the names Autischkau, Borislawitz, Dobroslawitz, Grötsch, Groß Nimsdorf, Klein Grauden, Koske, Matzkirch, Ostrosnitz, Radoschau and Trawnig.
Population development
Population of the later community Gnadenfeld:
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Sons and daughters of the place
- Max Wetschky (1844–1927), pharmacist and botanist
- Walter Bau (1888–1967), headmaster from 1914 to 1945 and well-known part-time naturalist
- Max Fillusch (1896–1965), politician (NSDAP)
- Walter Schulz (1912–2000), philosopher
Pawlowitzke community
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Pawłowiczki covers an area of 153.58 km² and 22 places with school boards .
Parish partnership
A partnership has existed with Lindenfels in the German district of Bergstrasse since 1998 . In 2005 another partnership was sealed with the Czech municipality of Velké Heraltice ( Großherlitz ) in Silesia .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Wroclaw 1845
- ↑ a b cf. Dehio -Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien.
- ↑ a b Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Wroclaw 1865
- ↑ Max Wetschky (1844–1927) in particular gained recognition as an important connoisseur and researcher of the Silesian flora .
- ↑ voting relations of the later layers of local Gnadenfeld: Warmunthau 268/22; Rzetzitz 352/44; Manor district Rzetzitz 56/3; Caution 36/0; See results of the referendum ( memento of the original from November 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 5, 2012.
- ↑ See territorial.de ; Retrieved January 9, 2008
- ↑ Application for the introduction of German place names , September 2013
- ↑ Sources of population figures :
